知道的道字中间少一横读什么?很财富、、、、赏不了、、
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扫描下载二维码蔡鄂生:国内对财富管理的概念还不太清晰
网财经5月24日讯(记者 胡爱善) “2015清华五道口全球金融论坛”5月23日-24日在京举行。24日上午举行的财富管理的发展前景讨论上。中国银监会原副主席蔡锷生认为,现在需要解决中国市场上不同的群里对财富管理的定义是什么?以及搞清楚财富管理的服务对象是是谁?“如果高清不清楚这些问题,对财富管理者和监管者都会是个问题。”
以下是蔡锷生发言全文:
蔡鄂生:讲财富管理这个题目首先来看比较大,但是它又不大,关键是我们怎么看现在各类机构所谓大资管时代下的理财也好、财富管理也好,反正这些词是多了去了。现在对这个问题前景如何?人民生活水平不断提高,大家兜里有钱了,那肯定是需要金融机构来帮助你理财也好,或者财富的继续增长也好,这是毫无疑问的,从财富论开始到现在大家应该看到这个发展。
现在需要研究的问题是什么呢?就是说我们现在怎么针对中国市场和中国的文化来进行财富管理,我觉得这是主要的。从国际市场或者从国外长期的历史发展来看,这不是什么新的题目,这是一个很传统,而且欧洲商业银行干了若干年的这个题目,而且我们还要认真讨论这个题目本身就说明一个问题,就说现在面对着中国市场上不同的群体到底财富管理怎么定义?这是第一。第二财富管理的服务对象是谁?像国外的这种划分,高净值、超高净值这样划分的群体,还是说银行这种理财产品也算财富管理的一种方式,我觉得这是需要我们研究的。包括跟一些国外的金融机构聊天,他们在香港、台湾所接受的财富管理,在那一块生活的人接受各种产品的服务等等他们都能很接受。但是到了内地来了,到了中国大陆来了以后就发现有一个问题,我们现在需求者对于他本身财富术语说保值增值也好,还是其他的也好,他本身的需求在这儿好像不太清晰,所谓不太清晰的概念,首先问的是收益多高、期限多长,他瞄准的东西不太一样。就是说在我们这个环境下,你要真正服务的对象需要什么?我觉得这是我们对财富管理这个市场能不能很好发展,或者说我们的金融机构能不能更好的为大众服务的主要问题。你要说产品,产品现在是多了去了,而且干这行的人都很聪明,不管你是正经批的机构也好,有牌照的机构也好,或者私募,不是完全按金融牌照管理的机构也好等等,它都可以去做。按照一种财产关系和信托关系以后,我把钱放在机构投资人手里,机构投资人手里再放到专业机构手里,机构投资人也都算一种理财方式。
但是我觉得在市场上这个问题如果搞不清的话,监管者也好,资产管理者也好,可能都有问题。因为在国际市场上,现在看来有什么限制、如何限制、限制的是什么,我觉得在财富管理和资产管理这个过程当中,在国际市场规则上的限制和我们现在在中国市场上所面临的这种观念上的东西是有很大差异的。我们还是一种审批下的你能做什么,到底这个市场应该怎么去认识,为什么现在国务院、中央一直要求我们在行政审批过程当中要简化,要下放程序,特别是在市场的情况下,我们现在这个市场的承受度到底怎么样?这都是需要考虑的问题。所以你现在光让我说财富管理从专业角度也好,从每个机构该干什么也好,其实我说不打出来,其实有些也不用说,教科书上到国外银行操作一下流程,综合化银行是怎么干的,随便到国外找一个汇丰也好,或者UBS也好,它都是很简单的,它专门的财富管理者针对你的需求定制各种产品或者你还有什么要求,资金到了帐户以后,那它所运作的东西就不光是一个财富管理部门了,投行、商行都可以结合,在它那个池子里头应该怎么运作的方式这都是很清楚的。我们现在能按这种流程走吗?还没有这种基础。像有的集团可以,像中信这样的,又有银行,又有信托,要是单纯的商业银行来讲现在慢慢开始有点放开了,也有信托的,也有租赁的,也有基金的,这些基本市场的发展和这些东西我们所了解的这种经营方式已经存在了,但是你怎么满足或者说针对我们现在的这种群体来设计出有针对性的服务,这确实是值得思考的问题。
我们现在的发展,昨天从微信上看到吴院长的发言,有的人给她总结了八条经典的,从央行开始都有,还有潘行长的发言改革是动态的,但是我觉得我们还是要往根上看,要看实际的根儿我不知道我的观察对不对,或者思考对不对,老说贷款难或者贷款对等等,这两年我转了一些机构,因为都是在民营企业走的多,困难企业走的多,这种状况怎么样,资金到不了实体经济,昨天晓灵院长说央行也好、央妈也好放水,或者给钱,你放与不放水,钱为什么走不到那儿去,这些问题看着很简单,但是要把它落地解决实际问题,和我们现在很多最基础的事情是相连接的。就是最简单的,我们的期限结构或者说在银行叫错配,各种实体或者包括政府的资产负债表,有多少它期限结构是匹配的?是合理的?过去老说计划经济打酱油的钱不能买醋,你现在也不能说本来是人家需要投资的钱你非得给人家半年的资金,那他肯定要出大问题。不好的时候那金融机构慌了,就开始往外抽,企业已经走一半了,你是停下来也好,破产也好,还是继续往前走也好,基本上大家都还是要往前走。往前走,上哪儿找钱?过桥的,过桥的形式就多了,银行也可以过桥,信托也可以过桥,连民间借贷也出来了,所以过桥的东西能不贵吗,我们现在是雪中送炭还是火上浇油,本来它就是一个很困难有问题的企业,我过桥的时候结果还要承担比金融机构利率要高多少倍的利息,这样的循环和这样的东西它怎么才能在这个状态下很快的走出来呢?包括很多事情也是这样,银行改革进行了那么长时间了,而且取得了很大的成果。
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你可能认为,按照正常逻辑,聪明、有进取心和有才华的人,应该是创业的最佳人选,但很可惜,事实并非如此。
本文为与《创业者》杂志的合作内容。下文最初发表于网站。
创业者的一些品质可能会成为其成功路上的绊脚石,其中最有违常理的一种----便是聪明。你越成功,越有才华,便越难经营好一家公司。
你可能认为,按照正常逻辑,聪明、有进取心和有才华的人,应该是创业的最佳人选,但很可惜,事实并非如此。
“我事事都要比人强”的挑战
聪明人的问题,早在老师当年分配令人厌烦的“小组项目”时就开始出现。我们都知道职场中的80/20规律,即20%的人完成80%的工作,你认为小组项目会是什么情况?每个小组最聪明的学生决定完成大部分工作。他们不想平均分配工作,以免自己的成绩受到影响,并且他们也不敢指望蒂米(那家伙平均每周有两天逃课,另外三天则在课堂上睡大觉)能做好自己那一部分,要是他还没有把任务忘得一干二净的话。在学校里,让蒂米尽快跟上进度,是不会带来任何好处的。算了吧----聪明人会接管一切,自己完成整个项目。
聪明人的工作周期由此开始。最聪明的人做任何事情都比大多数人出色。他们更擅长写作,更擅长计划,更擅长推理。他们各方面都更加出色,除了经营公司。这时,他们不再出色;他们会陷入麻烦。
一个人每天只有24个小时,而且需要腾出时间睡觉、吃饭、洗澡,还要做一些其他事情。但聪明人由于忍受不了别人把事情搞砸,于是决定凡事一肩挑。最后,他的企业也就成了一个人的独角戏,无力继续发展。
懒惰者为什么能够主宰创业界?
有些懒惰者比“聪明人”更适合创业,这听起来很有趣,但却是不争的事实。为什么呢?因为他们很早就学会了让自己身边围绕着一群聪明人,替他们完成工作。他们知道如何分配任务,以及如何操控其他人做他们不想做的事情。
让公司实现自动运转才是大智慧
理想情况下,聪明人应该将他们的才能传递给其他人。但由于聪明人习惯于大包大揽,他们无法学到带领公司走向成功所需的关键技能,包括让公司自动运转和授权尽可能多的任务。聪明人应该用一种易于遵循的格式,总结出其聪明智慧的核心,让其他人可以复制。
太聪明不是好事
对不同寻常的、复杂的和与众不同的事情,聪明人通常都颇有天分。创业史,他们不喜欢遵循KISS原则(即保持简单,直接),但这正是公司成功的必要条件。
你或许认为,一流制造工厂的组装线,或麦当劳这类全球性公司的运营工作,都要遵循一套非常复杂的流程,但事实上,它们都是由一系列非常简单的功能组成的。每一项任务被***成易于遵循的步骤。组装线上的工人重复执行一些被明确定义的任务,麦当劳的厨师、收银员和得来速(drive-thru)订餐员也同样如此。个人不需要太多投入,因为每一件事都已经被标准化。
许多全世界最大最成功的公司,并未将最聪明的人作为主力。事实上,这些公司大多数员工都是普通人,有时候甚至是有些蠢的人。这些成功的公司只需要少数聪明人,他们的任务就是将大部分任务标准化、自动化并进行授权,保证普通员工在工作时不会陷入混乱。
所以,如果你不能利用自己的聪明才智,找出一种简化工作任务的方法,最终实现成功,那么你的聪明就不利于你创业。当然,要做到这一点并不容易,因为这与你此前的行事和思考方式截然不同。然而,这是一家公司能否成功的关键,正因为如此,仅仅具有聪明才智并不预示着创业必然成功。
聪明人创业的机会成本太大
聪明人创业的另外一个问题是,他们经常会因为选择创业而失去太多其他机会。越聪明的人,就会面临越多的选择,除非你像未开化的猿人一样不懂社交。聪明人可以在众多领域领取高薪,而且有很大的升迁机会,从而赚到更多钱。
这意味着当你创业的时候,你将比收入更低、职业选择更少的人面临更多风险。这种情况通常被称为“黄金手铐”困境。更大的风险意味着你的商业机会必须能带来更多回报,才值得你去付出。
如果你的年收入为250,000美元(或有机会达到这种水平),相对于年收入50,000美元的创业者,你的公司必须创造超出后者五倍以上的业绩,你才能获得相同的回报。此外,如果你的年收入为250,000美元,你很难创建一家年利润翻番的公司。而如果你的收入为50,000美元,实现这个目标则要容易得多。
总而言之,聪明人创业的机会成本太大,他们完全可以去从事其他对智力要求更高,更错综复杂的事业。所以,如果上高中时大家一致公认“最有可能成功”的那个学生正在为一家美国公司打工,而一位不起眼的学生却成功创建了一家业绩不俗的公司,你千万不要感到意外。
本博客改编自作者的畅销书《创业者公式》。
This post is in partnership with Entrepreneur. The article below was originally published .
One of the most counterintuitive traits that can hurt entrepreneurs is smarts. Yes, the more successful you are and the more talents you have, the harder it is to run a business.
While you may think that being smart, motivated and talented would logically make someone the best possible candidate for entrepreneurship, unfortunately, this is often not the case.
The ‘I’m better than everyone at every task’ challenge.
The smart-people problem starts back in school when the dreaded “group projects” are first assigned. Knowing the 80/20 rule for work (80% of all work is done by 20% of the people), what do you think happens in every group project? The smartest and most talented people in each group decide that they are going to do the lion’s share of the work. They don’t want to risk their grade in the class by dividing the work equally and hoping that Timmy (the guy who is absent from class two days a week on average and sleeps through class on the other three days) does his part well, if he remembers to do it at all. In school, there isn’t any benefit in trying to get Timmy up to speed quickly. Forget that -- the smart people just take over and do the whole project themselves.
And thus begins the smart-people work cycle. The smartest people do just about everything better than most everyone else. They write better, plan better and reason better. They are better, until it comes to running a business. Then, they are screwed.
There are only 24 hours in each day and a person does need to sleep, eat, shower and do certain other things. So, each day, this smart person tries to do everything himself, because he can’t stand someone else doing a job badly. Then, he is stuck with the one-man band “job-business” and ends up not being able to grow.
Why slackers can reign supreme as entrepreneurs.
It is interesting, but actually, some of the slackers are better suited for entrepreneurship than the “smart” people. Why? They figured out early on to surround themselves with smart people who would do the work. They know how to delegate and sometimes, how to manipulate other people into doing things that they don’t want to do.
You’re only as smart as you can automate.
Ideally, smart people would just be able to convey their talents to others. But since the smart people are so used to doing everything themselves, they don’t learn the key skills for making their business successful, including automating and delegating as many tasks as possible. As a smart person, you need to use your smarts and talents to boil down their essence in an easy to follow format that anyone can replicate.
Too smart for your own good.
Smart and talented people also often have a flair for the unusual, complicated or different. They don’t like to follow the KISS principle (keep it simple, stupid), which is required to make a business succeed.
If you think of the assembly line in a fantastic manufacturing plant or the global presence of McDonald’s, they both seem complex, but in reality, they are a series of incredibly simple functions. Every single task is broken down into easy-to-follow steps. The assembly line worker repeatedly performs a few tasks that are specifically defined. So does the McDonald’s cook, cashier and drive-thru order taker. There is little input from these individuals, as everything has been standardized for them.
Some of the largest, most successful businesses in the world aren’t staffed in their majority by the smartest people. They are actually staffed in large part by regular, average (and sometimes, stupid) people. These successful entities have just a few people who are smart enough to standardize, automate and delegate the majority of the tasks in a way that can’t be screwed up by their average employees.
So, being smart or talented isn’t going to help you unless you can use those smarts to figure out a way to simplify those tasks that will make a business successful. This isn’t easy, because it goes against everything that you have ever done and is counter to how you were taught to think. However, it is necessary for a business to succeed and why smarts and talent alone don’t predict entrepreneurial success.
Too much to lose.
Another issue with the smart people starting businesses is that they often have the most to lose. The smarter you are -- unless you have the social graces of a wild ape -- the more options you have available to you. You will be able to make a lot of money in a variety of fields and have room in your career to become promoted and make even more money.
This means that when you start a business, you have a lot more to risk than someone who makes less money and has fewer career options. This is often referred to as the “golden handcuffs” dilemma. Because you have more to risk, this means that you need to have a business opportunity that is going to provide an even bigger reward for it to be worth it to you.
If you make $250,000 a year (or have an opportunity to do so), your business is going to have to be five times more successful than the business of someone making $50,000 a year to get the same return. Additionally, it is a lot harder to found a business that will double your yearly profit when you make $250,000 a year than it would be if you make $50,000 a year.
So, with the most to lose, a wide range of other options available and the penchant for more intricate, complex endeavors, don’t be surprised when the person “Most Likely to Succeed” from high school ends up in corporate America and it is one of the more average students that finds success in his or her own business.
This blog is adapted from my bestselling book, The Entrepreneur Equation.
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