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考试了 ,1.When和While的用法和区别?2.little,a little,few ,a few ,some ,many ,much 的用法和意思?3.什么是宾语从句?求解和举例说明4.If …you‘ll 的用法?5.done的意思和用法?6.will be和 will have 区别和用法?7.on in at 的用法和区别?【具体点】8.anyone,someone ,everyone 的意思和是哪些用三单?9.many ,some ,much 意思和用法?10.How和What的用法和区别?11.How soon ,How far ,How long 的意思和用法和区别?12.too…to 的用法?一一作答
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1.When和While的用法和区别?when 是指某个时间所发生的事,用于在完成时态
while是指某个时间段所发生的事,用于进行时态
①when意为"在……时刻或时期",它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段",所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词.如: When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时,他正在吃饭. When I was young, I liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞.
②while只指"时间段",不指"时间点",从句的动词只限于持续性动词.如: While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来.
③when从句动词为终止性动词时,不能由while替换.如: When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时,我们正在打篮球.
④当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时,when, while才有可能互相替代.如: While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了.
⑤当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有"正当这时"的含义.如: He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿,他就来了.
⑥从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用while.如: We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁.
⑦while和when都可以用作并列连词. Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高,然而他弟弟很矮. Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上,这时两个大个子男孩拦住她.2.little, a little, few ,a few ,some ,many ,much
的用法和意思many修饰可数复数名词,意为“许多”much修饰不可数名词,意思也是“许多”a lot of 和lots of完全一样,可修饰可数和不可数,意思是“很多,大量”little ,few都是“很少,几乎没有”的意思,区别在于little修饰不可数few修饰可数a little,a few意思是“一些”,区别同little ,fewsome ,any都是“一些,几个”的意思,区别:some用于肯定句,any用于疑问句和否定句3.宾语从句置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序.谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句.有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句.在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等.(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等.例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示.例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省.例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省.例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省.例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.注意事项:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语.例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的.意思是“是否”.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的.例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句在带to的不定式前例句:We decided whether to walk there.在介词的后面例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week直接与or not连用时例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序.用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等.英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语.例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分.例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.4.引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的.如:
If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的.
If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的.
If you have finished the homework, you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了.
另外,if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设.从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设.如:
If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会.
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些.
另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配 1.if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时
If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿.
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你. 2.
if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/can If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted. 如果雾在大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落.
If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了,我们就可以出去. 3.if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/should
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread. 如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包. 4.if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时
If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加热,它就会化成水.5.if从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs. 如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他.6.if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill. 如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账
学习" if " 引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下:
if 条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;
条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间.
条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;
条件句表事实,主句常用现在时.
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态.如:
We can walk there if we can't find a bus .
If it rains tomorrow ,we will not go
to the zoo.
What will you
find a panda in danger. 如果 if 条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态.如:
If bears are in danger ,they attack people.
在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,if 和条件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若 if 条件句放句首, 从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开.还要注意前后时态一致原则5.done的意思和用法adj. 完成了的,煮熟的,对的int. (表示同意)好,行v. [do] 的过去分词形式6.应该没有 will have 这个搭配7.on in at 的用法和区别1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:① 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床.He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚.② 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视.He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本.③ 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿.2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:① 表示某一点位置,用 at:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号.The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头.与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at.如:at my sister’s
在我姐姐家
at the doctor’s 在医务室② 表示空间或范围,用 in:What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎.但有时两者可换用:The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行.③ at与in的另一个区别是:at多用于指较小的地方,而in多用于指较大的地方:in Shanghai 在上海
at the station
在车站④ 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面:What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包.【注】在少数搭配中,也用介词 on:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作.3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed
/ on the bed
在床上in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上8.anyone, someone
, everyone 的意思和是哪些用三单?意思分别是:任何人 一些人 ,每个人都用单三9.many ,some ,much 意思和用法?(1)some和any都有一些的意思some用在肯定句,I bought some books yesterday.any用在疑问句和否定句, I don't have any books. Do you have any books?另外,some有某个的意思,如some day 某天any还有任何的意思,这时any在肯定、疑问和否定句中都可用.如I will help any of you.(2)much和many都是很多的意思.much修饰不可数名词,如I don't have much money.many修饰可数名词,如many books, many people…… 10.how与what用法区别 在许多情况下,两者用法极为相似,只是句型结构稍有不同:1. 两者均可用来引出感叹句,how用于修饰形容词、副词或动词,而 what 用于修饰名词.如: How dirty that child is! 那孩子多脏啊! How I missed you! 我多么想念你啊! What bad weather we’re having! 多讨厌的天气! What a lovely house! 多漂亮的房子!2. 在询问看法时,以下两句型同义,注意搭配的动词不同:你觉得他的新书怎么样? How…like…? =What…think of/about…?正:How do you like his new book? 正:What do you think of his new book? 3. 在询问天气时,以下两类句型同义,但句型结构不同: 今天天气怎么样? How…?=What…like? 正:How is the weather today?正:What is the weather like today?4. 询问某人或事物的暂时现象通常用 how; 询问某人或事物的持久特征通常用 what……like.如: How’s work these days? 近来工作情况如何? A:What’s your mother like? 你母亲是怎样一个人?B:She is a very nice person. 她这个人非常好. 5. 询问某人的健康情况时用 how, 询问某人职业时用 what.如: A:How is your mother? 你母亲好吗?B:She is very well. 她很好.A:What’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的? B:He’s a doctor. 当医生的. 6. 表示“如何(说)”,用 how 和 what 均可,但搭配不同.如:它用英语怎么说?正:How do you say it in English? 正:What do you call it in English?7. 在询问“长短”“宽窄”“高低”“多少”等意义时,以下两类句型同义,用 what 比用 what 更正式.如: 你多大年纪?正:How old are you?正:What’s your age?8. 有个别情况,两者都可用,结构一样,含义一样.如: How [What] about Friday? 星期五怎么样? How [What] about having a rest? 休息一会儿怎么样?11.How soon ,How far ,How long 的意思和用法和区别意思依次是:多久 (用于将来时)
多远(对距离长短提问) 多长(对时间长短提问)做题时知道意思就可以了.12. 一、基本结构特点
too…to…结构,其意为“太……以至于不能……”.如:
He is too shy to speak to her. 他太害羞,不敢同她讲话.
It’s too cheap to be good. 这东西太便宜,好不了(即便宜无好货).
He is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小,还分不清是非.
二、不定式是否用被动语态
The text is too difficult to understand. 这课文太难了,理解不了.
The text is too difficult for the students to understand. 这课文太难了,学生理解不了.
但在某些特殊的语境,其中的不定式必须要用被动式.如:He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低,听不见.
He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他年轻,不能到美国去深造.
三、too…to…有时可表示肯定意义
在以下几种情况,too…to…结构可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:
1. 当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时.如: Never too old to learn. 活到老学到老.(永远不会太老而不能学习)
It’s never too late to stop smoking. 戒烟何时都不算晚.(永远不会太迟而不能戒烟)
2. 当不定式前有否定词修饰时.比较:He is too foolish to understand this. 他太蠢,不会明白这一点.
He is too clever not to understand this. 他太聪明,不会不明白这一点.
3. 当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad, ready, pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时.
I’m too glad to see you again. 又见到你我很高兴.
We are too ready to help you. 我们很乐意帮助你.
I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴.
注:这类句子中的too通常含有very之意,且too前通常会有only, just等副词修饰.
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*(p=&n)=*pk*(*pm) #includemain(){int k=2,m=4,n=6,*pk=&k,*pm=&m,*p;*(p=&n)=*pk*(*pm);printf("%d\n",n);}上面是C语言源程序现在*pk=&k即为*pk代表的是k的地址*pm=&m代表的是m变量的地址在运算*pk*(*pm)时,不就是k和m的地址在做乘法吗?书上写的指针变量定义应该是:pk=&k,pm=&m,这样*pk=k,*pm=m,这个我知道所以不明白为什么*pk=2;*pm=4;
不要把指针声明时的&*&跟使用时的&*&混淆了.*pk&=&&k;&这行是在声明的同时初始化赋值,等同&int&*pk&=&&k.这时候的&*&意思是&pk&nbs...
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