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2011-Climate change and urbanization in the Yangtze River Delta
C.Guetal./HabitatInternational35(545
Fig.1.GeographiclocationoftheYRD.
shaped,anditsnortherncoastlineoftheareawasroughly300kmwestofthecurrentcoastline.Sincethen,thetemperaturedecreasedandthesealeveldropped,thebanksoftheYangtzeRiverstretchedtotheseabedwithagentleslope.Undertheeffectofthewaves,offshoresandbarriersgraduallydevelopedontheslopeandlaterformednaturallakesandponds,thelargestofwhichisLakeTai.TheYRDanditsgeneraltopographyareformedintheeverchangingclimateandsealevels.
Humanactivitieshavealsoplayedanimportantrole,particu-larlyintheLakeTaibasin.BeforetheNorthernSongDynasty(960e1127A.D.),thenaturalsystemoftheLakeTaibasinhadbeenwellsustained.Accordingtolocalchorography,duringthe643yearsbetweentheEastJingDynasty(317A.D.)andtheNorthernSongDynasty(960A.D.),38floodsoccurredattheaveragerateofonceinevery17.4years.Itwasaperiodwithrelativelyfewerfloodsinhistory.AftertheNorthernSongDynasty,however,becauseoftheinvasionofJinfromnorthernChina,manypeoplemovedtothesouth,andincreasedthepopulationintheLakeTaibasinsignifi-cantly.Tofeedthefastgrowingpopulation,manylakeswereenclosedforcultivation,andeventuallydisappearedbythelaterSouthernSongDynasty(1279A.D.).Watersizeinthebasindroppedsharply.Insteadoftheoriginalthreerivers,LakeTaihadonlyonedrainbyHuangpuRivertothePacificOcean.
Sinceyearsago,thehistoricalcoastlineoftheYRDhadremained200kmwestofthecurrentcoastlineuntil100e400A.D.Inthenextthousandyearsorso,becauseofforestdestruction,increasedsediments,andtheacceleratedpopulationandeconomicgrowthofthedelta,thesouthernshoreoftheYRDroseonekilo-meterinevery20yearswhilethenorthernshorerose1kminevery60e100years.Theaveragespeedofcoastelevationwas0.02km/year(Chen,Zhiying,&Caixing,1959).Nowadays,theelevationinmostpartsoftheYRDisbelow10m.Inaddition,260kmtothenorthoftheYRD,theYellowRiverfluxedintotheseacarryingmuchsand,andexpandeditssandspit.TheYangtzeRiverestuarybecamemuchnarrower,anditscurrentshapewasformed.CulturalandeconomicdevelopmentintheYRD
Becauseofitspleasantclimate,geographiclocation,naturalenvironment,andeducatedresidents,theYRDbecomesthecradleofChineseagriculturalcivilization,andconsequentlyapoliticalandeconomiccenter.TheclimateintheYRDissuitableforagriculture.AccordingtoexcavationsintheHemuduSite,thefirstfindofthemid-NeolithiccultureintheYRD,peoplestartedgrowingriceinthearea7000yearsago.SiMaqianstatedinTheHistoricalRecordthat“thereisavastterritorywithasparsepopulationintheChuandYueregion(includingtheYRD).Peoplethereliveonfishingandriceplanting”(Si,145e187B.C.).Foralongtime,ricehasbeenthemaincropintheYRDandriceplantinghashadgreatinfluenceonlocalpeople’slifestyleandcuisine.
TheYRDhasbeenfamousforitsagricultureproducts.Huaiyangstyle,oneofChina’sfourmajorstylesofcooking,wasoriginatedintheregion.Suzhou’sdimsum,Shaoxing’swine,Jiaxing’szongzi(ricedumplings),Jinhua’sHam,Ningbo’sgluepudding,Yangzhou’spickles,andZhenjiang’svinegarareallfamousagriculturalproducts.
Agriculturedevelopmentrequiredwaterconservancyconstruc-tions,andencouragedearlyindustriesandtrades.InadditiontotheBeijingeHangzhouGrandCanal,ancientpeopledugmanyothercanals,dredgedLakeTaiandregulatedWestLake.Yangzhou,Suzhou,andHangzhouthusbecametheshippingcentersonthesouthernGrandCanal.
TheLakeTaibasinhasbeenthelargestweavingcenterinChina,particularlybecausetheclimateissuitableforbreedingsilkworms.ZhejiangprovinceistheoriginofsilksincetheTangDynasty(618A.D.).OnethirdoftheNorthernSongDynasty(960e1127A.D.)andahalfoftheSouthernSongDynasty’s(A.D.)silkcamefromNingbo,acityinnorthernZhejiangprovince,thesouthernpartoftheYRD.In1780(theQingDynasty),thereweremorethan10,000weavingmachinesinNingbo(Chen,1999).Suzhou’ssatin,Nanjing’sbrocade,andHangzhou’ssilkarethreefamoussilkproducts,andSuzhouembroideryisoneofChina’sfourfamousembroiderypatterns.IntheMing(A.D.)andQing(A.D.)dynasties,SuzhouandothercitiesintheLakeTaibasinformedthemostprosperousregioninChina,whichwasknownasalandflowingwithmilkandhoney,fullofsilkandculturalheritage(Chen,1999).TheYRDhasbecomeoneofthebirthplacesofChina’scommodityeconomy.
TheYRDhasbeenamajorteaproducingarea,andisfamousforWestLakeDragon-WellGreenTeaandLakeTaiBiluochunGreenTea.Goodteatreesusuallygrowinareaswithmildclimate,abundantrain,highhumidity,andmoderatesunshine,andtheYRDofferssuchclimateconditions.Manyteamarketsand
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中国城市化 Climate Change and China’s Urbanization 气候变化 Climate Change ...Two are already well established in the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, ...An 1 ? 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd Printed in the...urbanization in the Pearl River Delta of China ...climate changes Science 170 1265-74 Meng W G,...change in Kunshan, the Yangtze River Delta ...The accelerated industrialization and urbanization ...The northern subtropical monsoon climate dominates ...change and its relationship with urbanization of urban agglomerations in ...climate change. Key words: MODIS; Yangtze River Delta ; urban agglomeration...urbanization on climate in three mega city agglomera2011, 4) : 37231( ...urbanization on regional temperature change in the Yangtze River Delta. Acta ...climateand environmentalresearch.Inthisurbanization....monitoredthechangesinspatialpatternoftheevaluatedthe ...theYangtzeRiverDelta● ?女 ● 宁渔 ,气 长江... Climate Change and Susta... 27页 免费 ... cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the... susta urbanization 1....urbanization degree over Yangtze River Delta region...From 2011 to 2013, number of lightnig strokes ...A.Thunderstorm climate of Finland .... 第31 卷 第4 期 2011 年 8 月 气象科学 Journal of the Meteorological ...to examine the climate effect of urbanization in Yangtze River Delta of ... constitute the urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta has become ... are included in the urbanization of China's first new pilot provinces. ...The Yangtze River is ever longer than the Yellow River.这里的ever翻译成什么?
廊坊人0179
我认为是 曾经 的意思扬子江 曾经 比黄河 长
现在不是仍然比黄河长吗？这是地理知识，我知道的甚少。
扬子江仅仅是长江下游的一段的别称
可是扬子江现在已经成了长江的代名词了啊，尤其在外国人更是这样。
是的 ，维基百科里是这样解释的。扬子江又名长江。但是就这个句子而言，我认识只是扬子江的意思。
. [常用于表示比较的从句中]曾，曾经，以往任何时候
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永远，任何时候
永远，总是。
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