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￥100 / ￥1002012年大学英语***(CET4/6)考试概览
核心提示：自2005年6月考试起，四、六级考试成绩将采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线;成绩报道方式由考试合格***改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分、单项分等。
大学英语考试是教育部主管的一项全国性的英语考试，其目的是对大学生的实际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为大学英语教学提供测评服务。大学英语考试是一项大规模标准化考试，在设计上必须满足教育测量理论对大规模标准化考试的质量要求，是一个“标准关联的常模参照测验”。大学英语四、六级考试作为一项全国性的教学考试由“国家教育部高教司”主办，分为四级考试 （CET-4） 和六级考试 （CET-6），每年各举行两次。从2005年1月起，报道成绩满分为710分，凡考试成绩在220分以上的考生，由国家教育部高教司委托“全国大学英语***考试委员会”发给***。
大学英语四、六级考试从命题、审题、考务组织、统计分析到成绩发布已形成一套完整的制度，是一项组织得较好的、严格按照标准化考试质量要求进行的大规模考试。效度研究的大量统计数据和实验材料证明大学英语四、六级考试不但信度高，而且效度高，符合大规模标准化考试的质量要求，能够按教学大纲的要求反映我国大学生的英语水平，因此有力地推动了大学英语教学大纲的贯彻实施，促进了我国大学英语教学水平的提高。大学英语考试已经得到社会的承认，每年参考人数超过1100万人次，是全球参考人数最多的单次考试，目前已经成为各级人事部门录用大学毕业生的标准之一，产生了一定的社会效益。
近期内，四、六级考试将采取的重要举措之一是改革计分体制和成绩报道方式。自2005年6月考试起，四、六级考试成绩将采用满分为710分的计分体制，不设及格线;成绩报道方式由考试合格***改为成绩报告单，即考后向每位考生发放成绩报告单，报道内容包括：总分、单项分等。为使学校理解考试分数的含义并根据各校的实际情况合理使用考试测量的结果，四、六级考试委员会将向学校提供四、六级考试分数的解释。
在考试内容和形式上，四、六级考试将加大听力理解部分的题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的比例。试点阶段的四、六级考试由四部分构成：听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测试。听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的听力理解;听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题型的短文理解;听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视节目等更具真实性的材料。阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中仔细阅读部分（careful reading）占25%，快速阅读部分（fast reading）占10%。仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外，还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测试;快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读技能。综合测试比例为15%，由两部分构成。第一部分为完型填空或改错，占10%;第二部分为短句问答或翻译，占5%。写作能力测试部分比例为15%，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文等。
根据目前的改革进程，近期内大学英语四、六级考试口语考试仍将与笔试分开实施，继续采用已经实施了五年的面试型的四、六级口语考试（CET-SET）。同时，考委会将积极研究开发计算机化口语测试，以进一步扩大口语考试规模，推动大学英语口语教学。
由于四、六级考试是一个每年涉及上千万考生的超大规模标准化考试，因此考试内容和形式的改革须经过一定规模的试点，对新试卷的有效性和可行性作出科学的论证，并了解师生的反馈。为此，自2006年1月开始，从参加大学英语教学改革试点学生中试行改革后的四级考试，自2006年6月开始以同等方式试行新的六级考试。初步定于2007年1月全面实施改革后的四级考试，2007年6月全面实施改革后的六级考试。考委会将按照《教学要求》制定新的四、六级考试大纲和样题，并及时向教师和学生公布。
任何一项大规模标准化考试的发展都是一个不断改进和完善的过程。四、六级考试十七年的发展历程也证明了这一点。国家改革开放对我国大学生的英语交际能力不断提出更高的要求，因此，四、六级考试中长期改革任务仍十分艰巨。考试委员会将不断研究开发适合四、六级考试的新题型，研究改革后的四、六级考试对教学的后效;同时，充分利用高科技手段，完善考务管理系统，实现四、六级考试网上阅卷（CET-Online Marking），研究计算机化的四、六级考试（CET-CBT），争取在一定考生范围内或在某种能力测试中实现四、六级机考。(本文来源：&&&&责任编辑：立东)
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11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?
M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
12.M: A famous Russian ballet is coming to town next weekend. But I can&t find a ticket anywhere.
W: Don&t be upset. My sister just happened to have one and she can&t go since she has got some sort of conflict in her schedule.
Q: What does the woman mean?
13.W: Hello, my bathroom drain is blocked and I&m giving a party tonight. Do you think you could come and fix it for me?
M: Sorry, ma&am. I&m pretty busy right now. But I can put you on my list.
Q: What does the man mean?
14.W: We&re taking up a collection to buy a gift for Jemma. She&ll have been with the company 25 years next week.
M: Well, count me in. But I&m a bit short on cash now. When do you need it?
Q: What is the man going to do?
15.W: Tony&s mother has invited me to dinner. Do you think I should tell her in advance that I&m a vegetarian?
M: Of course. I think she&d appreciate it. Imaging how you both feel if she fixed the turkey dinner or something.
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
16.M: Just look at this newspaper, nothing but robbery, suicide and murder. Do you still believe people are basically good?
W: Of course. But many papers lack interest in reporting something positive like peace, love and generosity.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
17.M: I can&t believe so many people want to sign up for the Korea Development Conference.We will have to limit the registration.
W: Yeah, otherwise we won&t have room for the more.
Q: What are the speakers going to do?
18.W: Hi, I&m calling about the ad for the one bedroom apartment.
M: Perfect timing! The person who was supposed to rent it just backed town to take a room on campus.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
Conversation 1
W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier.
M: So how did he do it exactly?
W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish.
M: Sounds terribly complicated.
W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn&t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light.
M: So did it work?
W: Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100 % success rate.
Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q19. What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian&s experiment?
Q20. What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw a steady light?
Q21. How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage?
Conversation 2
W: This week&s program Up Your Street takes you to Harrogate, a small town in Yorkshire. Harrogate became a fashionable resort during Victorian times, when people came to take a bath in the mineral waters. Today, few people come to visit the town for its mineral waters. Instead, Harrogate has become a popular town for people to retire to. Its clean air, attractive parks, and the absence of any industry, make this an ideal spot for people looking for a quiet life. Now, to tell us more about Harrogate, I have with me Tom Percival, President of the Chamber of Commerce. Tom, one of the things visitor notices about Harrogate is the large area of open park land right down into the middle of the town. Can you tell us more about it?
M: Yes, certainly. The area is called the Stray.
W: Why the Stray?
M: It&s called that because in the old days, people let their cattles stray on the area, which was common land.
W: Oh, I see.
M: Then, we&ve changes in farming and in land ownership. The Stray became part of the land owned by Harrogate.
W: And is it protected?
M: Oh, yes, indeed. As a special law, no one can build anything on the stray. It&s protected forever.
W: So it will always be park land?
M: That&s right. As you can see, some of the Stray is used for sports fields.
W: I believe it looks lovely in the spring.
M: Yes, it does. There&re spring flowers on the old trees, and people visit the town just to see the flowers.
Question 22-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
Q22. Where does this conversation most probably take place?
Q23. What do we learn about modern Harrogate?
Q24. What does the man say about the area called the Stray?
Q25. What attracts people most in the Stray during the spring time?
Passage One
Russell Fazio, an Ohio State psychology professor who has studied interracial roommates there and at Indiana University, discovered an intriguing academic effect. In a study analyzing data on thousands of Ohio State freshmen who lived in dorms, he found that black freshmen who came to college with high standardized test scores earned better grades if they had a white roommate & even if the roommate&s test scores were low. The roommate&s race had no effect on the grades of white students or low-scoring black students. Perhaps, the study speculated, having a white roommate helps academically prepared black students adjust to a predominantly white university.
That same study found that randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State broke up before the end of the quarter about twice as often as same-race roommates.
Because interracial roommate relationships are often problematic, Dr. Fazio said, many students would like to move out, but university housing policies may make it hard to leave.
&At Indiana University, where housing was not so tight, more interracial roommates split up,& he said. &Here at Ohio State, where housing was tight, they were told to work it out. The most interesting thing we found was that if the relationship managed to continue for just 10 weeks, we could see an improvement in racial attitudes.&
Dr. Fazio&s Indiana study found that three times as many randomly assigned interracial roommates were no longer living together at the end of the semester, compared with white roommates. The interracial roommates spent less time together, and had fewer joint activities than the white pairs.
Question 26-29
26. What do we know about Russell Fazio ?
27. Who benefited from living with a white roommate according to Fazio&s study?
28. What did the study find about randomly assigned interracial roommates at Ohio State University?
29. What did Dr. Fazio find interesting about interracial roommates who had lived together for 10 weeks?
Passage two
In a small liboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina, Dr. Vladimir Mironov has been working for a decade to grow meat. A developmental biologist and tissue engineer, Dr. Mironov, is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineering 'cultured' meat.
It's a product he believes could help solve future global food crises resulting from shrinking amounts of land available for growing meat the old-fashioned way.
&Growth of cultured meat is also under way in the Netherlands&, Mironov told Reuters in an interview, &but in the United States, it is science in search of funding and demand.&
The new National Institute of Food and Agriculture won't fund it, the National Institutes of Health won't fund it, and the NASA funded it only briefly, Mironov said.
&It's classic disruptive technology,& Mironov said. &Bringing any new technology on the market, on average, costs $1 billion. We don't even have $1 million.&
Director of the Advanced Tissue Biofabrication Center in the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology at the medical university, Mironov now primarily conducts research on tissue engineering, or growing, of human organs.
&There's an unpleasant factor when people find out meat is grown in a lab. They don't like to associate technology with food,& said Nicholas Genovese, a visiting scholar in cancer cell biology.
&But there are a lot of products that we eat today that are considered natural that are produced in a similar manner,& Genovese said.
30. What does Dr. Mironov think of bioengineering cultured meat?
31. What does Dr. Mironov say about the funding for their research?
32. What does Nicholas Genovese say about a lot of products we eat today?
Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spent five years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. At Jackson's trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who has attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the man who had really committed the crimes. Jackson was similar in appearance to the guilty man. The two women has made a mistake in identity. As a result, Jackson has lost five years of his life.
The two women in this case were eyewitnesses. They clearly saw the man who attacked them, yet they mistakenly identified an innocent person. Similar incidents have occurred before. Eyewitnesses to other crimes have identified the wrong person in a police lineup or in photographs.
Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs or similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whether it is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness's decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.
Question 33: What do we learn about Bernard Jackson?
Question 34: What led directly to Jackson&s sentence?
Question 35: What lesson do we learn from Jackson&s case?
Section C Compound Dictation
About 700,000 children in Mexico dropped out of school last year as recession-stricken families pushed kids to work, and a weak economic recovery will allow only slight improvement in the drop-out rate in 2010, a top education official said.
Mexico's economy suffered more than any other in Latin America last year, shrinking an estimated 7 percent due to a plunge in U.S. demand for Mexican exports such as cars.
The decline led to a 4 percent increase in the number of kids who left primary or middle school in 2009, said Juan de Dios Castro, who heads the nation's adult education program and keeps a close watch on drop-out rates.
&Poverty rose and that is a factor that makes our job more difficult,& Castro told Reuters in an interview earlier this month.
Hindered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports, Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year. As a result, drop-out rates will not improve much, Castro said.
&There will be some improvement, but not significant,& Castro said.
Mexicohas historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table, and children often sell candy and crafts in the streets or work in restaurants.
The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy. Mexico's politicians have resisted mending the country's tax, energy and labor laws for decades, leaving its economy behind countries such as Brazil and Chile.
11.A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.
12.C) She can get a ballet ticket for the man.
13.A) He has to do other repairs first.
14.C) Give his contribution some time later.
15.D) Tell Tony&s mother that she eats no meat.
16.B) The coverage of newspapers.
17.C) Limit the number of participants in the conference.
18.A) The apartment is still available.
19. D) to see if dolphins can communicate with each other.
20. A) Press the right-hand lever first.
21. C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light.
22. B) In a resort town.
23. D) It is an ideal place for people to retire to.
24. D) It is protected as parkland by a special law.
25. C) The beautiful flowers.
Passage One
26, C. He specialized in interpersonal relationship.
27. D. Black freshman with high standardized scores
28, C. They broke up more often than same-race roommates
29, C. The racial attitudes improved.
Passage Two
30, A. It will help solve the global food crisis.
31, D. It is still far from being sufficient.
32, D. They are not as natural as we believed.
Passage Three
33, A. He was wrongly imprisoned
34, A. The two victims& identification
35, B. Many factors influence the accuracy of witness testimony.
36. slight
37. official
38. shrinking
39. plunge
40. decline
41. primary
43. Poverty
44. Hampered by higher taxes and weak demand for its exports, Mexico's economy is seen only partially recovering this year.
45. Mexico has historically had high drop-out rates as poor families pull kids out of school to help put food on the table，
46. The nation's drop-out problem is just the latest bad news for the long-term competitiveness of the Mexican economy.
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