Phys. Rev. Lett. 15, 15 (1965) - Lamb Shift in ${({\mathrm{Li}}^{6})}^{++}$
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.15(C)1965 American Physical SocietyAuthors & Affiliations
, , and Enrico Fermi Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, IllinoisReferences (Subscription Required)
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Providence, RI在M理论中第13维指什么如何用几何划分
起初物理学家认为闭弦理论必须是十维,因为只有十维的闭弦理论方可被重正则化(Renormalization),重正则化是物理学家为解决量子电动力学中出现'无限'所用的一个巧妙手法,其中多个无限项问题都与自我作用(self-interation)有关,我举一个电子与电磁场之无限项例子:电磁力之影响范围遵从平方反比定律,即1除距离之平方,电子与自己的距离是0,故影响自己之范围是1除0,等于无限,由于E=mc2,故电子质量岂非无限大!那和观察结果不乎.重正则化利用无限减无限得有限之方法计出电子质量(因为有限加无限也是无限).荷兰物理学家Hendrik Kramers认为电子之质量是由两个质量-bare mass及infinite mass组成,利用麦斯威尔方程(Maxwell Equation)计出另一个电子质量,又是无限,用第二个质量减第一个质量,剩下的就是bare mass,即电子正常质量.当然那不是样样东西都可以重正则化,你要好巧妙地把式定成:(无限)-(无限+少少)=(少少),否则***会是零,或***尚是无限,最成功的例子是利用重正则化解释兰伯移动(Lamb Shift),兰伯移动解释在一条轨道上之两粒不同态之粒子(旋上旋下)能量有少许分别,所以旋上电子变成旋下电子会放出21.11cm微波辐射.
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