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第三方登录:英语十到一怎么读
篇一:1到100怎么读0 英语1到100怎么读0 1
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one hundred one to one hundred篇二:适合练英语发音的十部电影 适合练英语英式发音的10部电影
英语的发音习惯,这包括英语的发音规则如连读、失去爆破、清辅音浊化等现象,以及英语语调与汉语语调的区别等。掌握好英语的发音规则和语音现象,如连读、弱读、不完全爆破、停顿、声调和句子重音等。这就需要从根本上改变我们错误的发音习惯,小到元音、辅音,大到弱读、连读、失去爆破等等。平时多查字典,多读正确的音标,掌握正确的发音规则,可以参考市面上有关语音的材料或参加语音辅导班。纠正语音最行之有效的方法就是跟读磁带。可以找诸如《新概念英语》(最好是第三册),或者四、六级听力中最后的段子题的文字材料,放一句录音,然后大声朗读该句。如此坚持,既可以达到矫正自己发音的目的,同时还可以培养自己对英语的敏感度。 1. If Only如果能再爱一次 Ian Wyndham (Nicholls) is a British Businessman who lives with his musician girlfriend, Samantha Andrews (Hewitt) in London. Ian takes Sam forgranted making Sam feeling vulnerable in the role of the one who loves more. Taking us through a day in Ian and Sam's life, the film opens by showing different events such as Sam getting burnt on a kettle, Ian's watch breaking, Sam getting Coca-Cola spilt on her and Ian being interrupted by Sam during an important meeting at work. As the day progresses we see Sam gets in a passing taxi and as Ian tries to get in beside her he notices that the driver is the same man who he traveled with earlier that day. The man gives Ian an ominous smile and as the clock hits 11 PM, Sam closes the door, leaving Ian standing there. As he watches the taxi drive away, Ian makes one last attempt to reconcile with Sam and runs after the taxi as it stops at a traffic light. Before he gets there, the lights change and the taxi begins driving again. As it speeds up, the taxi is struck violently by another car and comes to a stop on the middle of the street. Ian halts and falls on his knees in shock...
Peter Wyndham(Nicholls饰)与女友Emily(Jennifer Love Hewitt饰)像任何一对平凡的情侣一样,每天忙着自己的生活,很少时间独处。一次争吵过后,前来道歉的Peter犹豫着要不要上出租车,因为这份犹豫女友选择离开。不到一分种,出租车在前面街口与一辆卡车相撞,女友香消玉陨。悲痛万分的Peter在次日清晨醒来发现又回到了之前的一天,女友安然无恙,一切按照既定步骤发展。如果再来一次,Peter不敢想着居然成为事实。他放下一切业务,与女友登山、散步、彼此倾诉,爱意缠绵。到了那个决定性的夜晚,那辆夺命的出租车上,他毫不犹豫地上车,并且在致命的一击的时刻做出了选择... 2. An Education成长教育 In 1961 London, Jenny Mellor is a 16-year-old schoolgirl, on track to enter Oxford University when she meets a charming older man, David Goldman, who pursues her romantically. He takes her to concerts, clubs, and fine restaurants, and easily charms her parents into approving of the relationship. When Jenny recognizes that David is a con man who makes money through a variety of shady practices, she is initially shocked but silences her misgivings in the face of David's persuasive charm. When David proposes marriage, Jenny accepts and leaves school. She then discovers David is already married. When she reveals her discovery to David, he drops out of sight. Jenny despairs, feeling she has thrown her life away, but with the help of her favourite teacher, resumes her studies and is accepted at Oxford the following year.
16岁的珍妮是一个聪明开朗的小姑娘,就读于英国伦敦乡下一所女子学校的预科班,她的成绩很好,是众所期待考上牛津大学的&种子选手&。某天,她遇见了成熟时髦、风趣迷人的男人大卫,并闪电般地与他陷入爱河不可自拔。大卫带她见识了大都市的灯红酒绿和浮华奢靡,这一直是她非常向往的生活。在此之前她从来未曾想过,这种生活如此轻易就能得到。很快她就沉迷其中不可自拔,备考牛津的念头也被抛诸到九霄云外。与大卫一起的日子看起来是如此美妙,但是某一天,真相却如一记砖头重重地敲在珍妮头上。她从一个天真活泼的女学生变成了一个世故圆滑的女人,她开始反思这种生活是否真的是她想要的…… 3. Kate & Leopold 穿越时空爱上你 In 1876, Leopold Alexis Elijah Walker Thomas Gareth Mountbatten, Duke of Albany, is a stifled dreamer. Strict Uncle Millard (Paxton Whitehead) has no patience for Leopold's disrespect for the monarchy, chastising him and telling him he must marry a rich American, as the Mountbatten family finances are depleted. His uncle has told him that on his &thirtieth birthday he had become a blemish to the family name&.
The Duke finds Stuart Besser (Liev Schreiber), an amateur physicist (and descendant of Leopold, according to deleted scenes) perusing his schematic diagrams and taking photographs of them. He had seen him earlier at Roebling's speech about the Brooklyn Bridge. Leopold follows Stuart and tries to save him from what he thinks is a suicide, falling after him into the portal that brought the man there in the first place.Leopold awakens in 21st century New York. He is at first confused and thinks that he has been kidnapped. Stuart says that he has created formulae to forecast portals in the temporal universe and that Leopold must stay inside his apartment until the portal opens again a week later. As Stuart takes his dog out, he is injured by falling into the elevator shaft, and is eventually institutionalized for speaking about his scientific discovery...
莱伯特(休·杰克曼 饰)是19世纪的一名落魄贵族公爵,在家人为他安排的相亲宴会上,他为了追踪一个陌生人,疯狂科学家斯图尔特,无意闯入时空隧道,来到了100多年后的21世纪,斯图尔特的意外住院使公爵面对陌生的环境举步维艰。机缘巧合下,他邂逅了斯图尔特的前女友凯特(梅格·瑞恩 饰):一个野心勃勃、独立聪明的广告界女强人,一连串的事情,使二人互相吸引,谱写出一段跨越时空的浪漫恋曲......但是,穿越时空的注定不会一帆风顺。为了顺应历史的发展,出院的斯图尔特不得不把莱伯特送回属于他的年代,莱伯特和凯特刚刚开始的恋情面临时空分离的危机。两人是命定的缘分还是刹那的相逢?两人能否穿越时空的阻隔在一起?
4. Trainspotting 猜火车 Set in Edinburgh, the film begins with Mark Renton's (Ewan McGregor) statement that unlike people who &choose life& (i.e. a traditional family lifestyle with children, financial stability and material possessions), he has chosen an alternative lifestyle of a heroin addict. Renton's close circle of football enthusiast friends are introduced: Sick Boy, Spud and Renton are all heroin addicts, while Tommy and Begbie openly criticise heroin use, even as they indulge in binge drinking and chain smoking. After quitting heroin, Renton struggles to adjust. The return to sobriety forces Renton to view his friends much more critically as they spend time together sober engaging in unconventional activities. After a tragic relapse, Renton moves to London and starts a job as a property letting agent. He begins to enjoy the vibrancy of London, still clean off heroin, and saves up money on the side. His happiness is short-lived, however, as his 'friends' continually bring their dramas to him...
本片描述了苏格兰爱丁堡一群吸毒青年垃圾式的生活现状。马克·瑞登(伊云·麦葵格 饰)是一个十足的颓废青年,和一群狐朋狗友过着无所事事的生活,他们坑蒙拐骗、吸毒,共同养着一个父不详的婴儿,荒唐、堕落。某次吸毒的意外,婴儿死了,对马克带来很大的震撼;马克和好友土豆抢劫被抓,土豆坐牢,马克勒令戒毒。戒毒成功的马克成为房地产经济,开始过正常人的生活。然而,马克并没有摆脱过去的阴影,以前的朋友再次找到他,扰乱了他的生活,这使他不胜其烦,他决定彻底摆脱他们……
5. The Holiday 恋爱假期 Amanda Woods (Cameron Diaz) with her best friend Miles (Jack Black) owns a company that produces movie trailers. She handles editing while he provides incidental score, and scenes concerning her are occasionally accompanied by narration in the voice of Hal Douglas. Amanda is an extreme workaholic. Iris Simpkins (Kate Winslet) is a society column editor for The Daily Telegraph in London. Both women are suffering from heartache: While Amanda discovers that her live-in boyfriend (Edward Burns) has cheated on her, due to their lackluster relationship, Iris learns that Jasper Bloom (Rufus Sewell), the object of Iris' uequited love, is engaged after he announces it at the office Christmas party. Seeking an escape, Iris posts an ad for her &quaint cottage in Surrey& on a home-swap website, which Amanda eagerly accepts... 爱丽斯(凯特·温斯莱特 Kate Winslet饰)住在英国伦敦的乡村,而阿曼达(卡梅隆·迪亚兹 Cameron Diaz饰)则是洛杉矶的美国丽人。她们在天南地北的两端,却遇上了同样的问题:在感情上遭受了挫败,令生活灰暗无光。二人在网上聊天,商议在圣诞节到来之前,到对方的环境去生活,交互双方的住所作为度假场地。于是,一场令人兴奋的旅行开始了。爱丽斯来到美国大都市,阿曼达则乘班机前往极具英伦情调的英国乡村。除了新鲜的生活环境,当地男生的魅力更让她们猝不及防。
6. Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 Young orphan Oliver Twist is forcibly brought to a workhouse on his ninth birthday. He and the other resident children are treated poorly and given very little food. Facing starvation, the boys select Oliver (through a lottery) to ask for more food at the next meal, which he tentatively does. This results in Oliver being chastised, and the workhouse officials, who are wealthy, well-fed, hypocritical men, decide to get rid of him. After nearly being sold as an apprentice to a cruel chimney sweep, Oliver is sent to Mr. Sowerberry, a coffin-maker, whose wife and senior apprentice take an instant dislike to the newcomer. After more poor treatment, Oliver snaps and attacks Noah, the snotty older apprentice, for having insulted his mother. Knowing his life with the Sowerberrys will only get worse, Oliver escapes on foot...本片根据英国作家狄更斯1838年的名著《雾都孤儿》改编。孤儿奥利弗(巴尼·克拉克 Barney Clark 饰)由教会抚养长大,9岁时被送去童工厂拣填絮,后被卖给棺材铺当学徒,屡受欺侮。奥利弗从棺材铺逃跑,步行七十英里到达伦敦,遇见小偷“机灵鬼”(哈利 ·伊登 Harry Eden 饰),并被收入犹太老头费金(本·金斯利 Ben Kinsley 饰)的盗窃团伙。奥利弗第一次出徒便被诬陷偷窃布朗罗先生(爱德华·哈德威克 Edward Hardwicke饰)的丝帕,并被打昏在地。被好心的布朗罗先生带回家收养,却在替布朗罗先生跑差途中被费金的同僚比尔(杰米·福尔曼 Jamie Foreman饰)抓获。比尔逼迫奥利弗协助他与同伙托比(马克·斯特朗 Mark Strong 饰)入夜行窃布朗罗先生家。小奥利弗不从,眼看命在旦夕…… 7. The English Patient 英国病人
The historical backdrop for this novel is the Second World War in Northern Africa and Italy. Hana, a young Canadian Army nurse, lives in the abandoned Villa San Girolamo in Italy, which is filled with hidden, undetonated bombs. In her care is the man nicknamed &the English patient,& of whom all she knows is that he was burned beyond recognition in a plane crash before being taken to the hospital by a Bedouin tribe. He also claimed to be English. The only possession that the patient has is a copy of Herodotus' histories that survived the fire. He has annotated these histories and is constantly remembering his explorations in the desert in great detail, but cannot state his own name. The patient is, in fact, László de Almásy, a Hungarian desert explorer who was part of a British cartography group. He chose, however, to erase his identity and nationality... 一段爱情,在战火中燃烧,逾越了道德,改变了战局。艾马殊(拉尔夫·费因斯 Ralph Fiennes 饰)是一个历史学者,跟随探险家来到撒哈拉沙漠考察,结识了绘制地图的飞机师杰佛和他妻子凯瑟琳(克里斯汀·斯科特·托马斯 Kristin Scott Thomas 饰)。凯瑟琳的才气和美丽让艾马殊深深着迷,两人在沙漠一个幽深洞穴参观壁画时,更加发现彼此志趣相投。道德最终战胜了激情。凯瑟琳和艾马殊分手后,杰弗发现了妻子的外遇。伤心的杰弗开着飞机企图与妻子和艾马殊同归于尽,艾马殊幸运躲过一劫,却造成凯瑟琳身受重伤、自己命丧黄泉。艾马殊赶到深爱的人身边,把她安置到山洞里,承诺一定会走出沙漠,找到援助。但是,事情却不像想象中容易。他为了救人,担当了卖国罪名,惹来了杀身之祸,而凯瑟琳会不会等来获救的曙光?艾马殊又将承担起怎样的罪责? 8. Penelope 真爱之吻
The movie Penelope follows a young woman who learns to be happy with who she is, regardless of her looks or who approves of her. Penelope Wilhern is a young woman from a wealthy family with all the qualities to make an excellent match for any other well-bred man of篇三:英语音标发音表及发音规则英语语音名词解释: 音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [ ] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2.音节的划分 ①在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果重读音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于重读音节。 例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02
3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的 重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex cuse 五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 [e ] [i:] [a ] [ u] [ju:] 5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 五个元音字母在闭音节中发短音 [ ] [e] [ ] [ ] [ ]
0-05 6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如: stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如: a bout be fore ex cuse re pair for get-ful in ven-tor 0-06 7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u la-tion词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:scien tific im pression nation 在英语的学习过程中,一定要注意英语发音的连读和爆破音现象,掌握了它了规律,对我们在发音和英语听力方面都会有很大的帮助。 那么,什么是连读呢? 在连贯地说话或朗读时,在同一个意群(即短语或从句)中,
Please pick~it~up.(2)“r/re+元音”型连读 如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这时的r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。 They’re my father~and mother.I looked for~it here~and there.There~is a football under~it. 如果相邻的两个词前者以辅音音素结尾,后者以元音音素开头,就要自然地将辅音和元音相拼,构成一个音节,这就是连读。连读时的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可以加音,也不可以读得太重。如:not at all这个短语。连读时听起来就像是一个单词。注意:连读只发生在句子中的同一个意群中。在两个意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音和元音出现,也不可连读。如:Please take a look at it.这个句子中take a look at it是同一个意群,那么take与a可连读,look与at可连读,at与it可连读。在There is a book in it.一句中book与in往往不连读,因为book与in分别在两个不同的意群中。 连读中有一个是元音结尾与元音开头这属于加音节情况 如果你注意美国人说话,你会发现,要从你听到的一连串声音里面挑出某个词来近乎是不可能的。因为他们在说话的时候,词汇常常整个地连贯在一起。比如说,本来一个单词一个单词地拼读,我们发现词汇里面没有r的发音,或者没有某个音节的发音,但是在整个句子连贯说出来的时候,这样的现象就产生了,尤其是两个元音相邻的时候。除了r是最常用的连续音节以外,w和j常常用来接两个元音。例如:area(r)of literaturedrama(r)and musicthe idea(r)of itlaw(r)and order 打不出音标的字体所以用()代表所加的音节 连读的条件:相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关,同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过,不可读得太重,也不可音。(连读符号:~)(1)“辅音+元音”型连读 在同一个意群里,如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以元音开头,这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。 I’m~an~English boy.It~is~an~old book. Let me have~a look~at~it. Ms Black worked in~an~office last~yesterday.I called~you half~an~hour~ago.Put~it~on, please.Not~at~all. There~are some books on the desk.Here~is a letter for you.Here~are four~eggs.But where~is my cup? Where~are your brother~and sister? 但是,如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。 The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读) (3)“辅音+半元音”型连读 英语语音中的 /j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词是以辅音结尾,后一个词是以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。 Thank~you. Nice to meet~you. Did~you get there late~again?Would~you like~a cup~of tea?Could~you help me, please?“音的同化” —常把/d/+/j/读成/dV/,did you听上成了/dIdVu/,would you成了/wudVu/,could you成了/kudVu/。 (4)“元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,这两个音往往也要自然而不间断地连读到一起。 I~am Chinese. He~is very friendly to me.She wants to study~English. How~and why did you come here?She can’t carry~it. It’ll take you three~hours to walk there.The question is too~easy for him to answer. (5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。 Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可以连读) There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可以连读) Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可以连读)Shall we meet at~eight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet与 at,eight与or之间不可以连读) She opened the door and walked~in. (door与and之间不可以连读) 爆破音是指发音***在口腔中形成阻碍,然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。这些音有6个,即/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/和/g/。但在某些情况下,发爆破音时,气流不必冲破阻碍,而只是发音***在口腔中形成阻碍,并稍做停顿,(也就是说,做好要发出这个爆破音的准备,但不要发出音来),这样的发音过程叫作&不完全爆破&。 6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/ 失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。(1)“爆破音+爆破音” 型 6个爆破音【t、d、k、g、p、b】中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音***做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book. (2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。6个爆破音有3对/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/失去爆破,又叫不完全爆破,就是在某些情况下,只须做出发音的准备,但并不发音,稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。 (1)“爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时,前一个爆破音会失去爆破,即由相关的发音***做好这个发音的姿势,稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。 The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too. We’re going to work on a farm nex(t) Tuesday.What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?It’s a very col(d) day, but it’s a goo(d) day.You can put i(t) down in the bi(g) garden. I bought a chea(p) book, but it’s a goo(d) book.
(2)“爆破音+摩擦音”型如果前面是爆破音,其后紧跟着某些摩擦音(如/f/,/s/,/W/,/T/等),那么前面那个爆破音仅有十分轻微的爆破,而后面那个摩擦音则要完全爆破。Goo(d) morning, Mr. Bell.Goo(d) morning, dear. Uncle Li’s fa(c)tory is qui(te) near to the cinema.I wen(t) there alone a(t) nine las(t) night. -Do you know his bi(ke) number? -Sorry, I don’(t) know.The forty-firs(t) lesson is qui(te) difficult 爆破音+m/n,爆破音也会失爆! /p/, /t/, /k/开头的音节发 /b/, /d/, /g/在背诵新东方80篇,总结出来的一点东西: 1. 音标中无重读音节的,要轻轻的读,不要读出有高低调的声音!不要老爱把音节读成渐高调,感觉有点歇斯底里,很难听的! 2. 重音且长音要尽量拖长,发音要饱满,但是[i:]除外,这个音节只需轻轻带过!ee、啊:、呃:读起来让人听着这个音节很明显。3. 短音的i有时候不发音,只起到一个连接的作用; 英语音标发音规则 -清辅音的浊化 初步了解清辅音的浊化现象. 1、清辅音浊化只是一种发音现象,不是规则,地道英语教学者都反对专门制定一个规则来说明这个问题。 2、总的发音规则只有一条:按照字典里的注音读,要怎么变化就按地道英语的习惯。 3、s 后面的清辅音被浊化,只是清辅音浊化的一小部分,很多时候不用加 s 也可能被浊化。 如water, happy, meeting, walking等等,地道英语一般将这些单词中间那个清辅音发成对应的浊辅音了,才象英语。 4、S后面的清辅音浊化现象可以这样归纳:清辅音跟着一个元音,前面又有一个 s ,无论是在单词的最前面还是中间,只要是在重读音节或次重读音节里,一般都读成对应浊辅音,如stand, strike, speak, sky 等等,值得一提的是strike,要变成“dr”所发的那个音 (如dream中的“dr”所发的音)。 其实谁也没有规定要这样读,如果你拿着这个问题问老外,他们大多都答不出来,只是这些相关的单词中的清辅音读着读着自然就会变成浊辅音了。 这种组合如果后面没有元音,就不存在浊化的问题。如grasp,test,desk等,仍发清辅音。 也有例外的,不要说它不符合规则,因为本来就没有规则,硬要定规则的话就行不通。比如student,stupid,如果按那个所谓规则去读成 [sd…],就不好听了,操地道英语的人就会知道问“你是从中国来的吧”。这里的字母“t”一般被习惯发成jeep中 “j”所发的那个音才地道。英语中的连读,同化,失音,浊化,弱读现象 我们都有过这样沮丧的经验,很容易听懂中国人说的英语,但是同样的对话一到英美人的嘴里,便觉得很难跟上,有时甚至是不知所云。这主要是因为我们说的英语通常单词之间很清晰,词与词之间有明显的pause, 但是英美人的口语会有很多音变,这些音变使得我们很熟悉的单词的发音变得陌生,难懂,给我们的听力造成了很大的困难,因此了解并使用各音变规则会帮助我们提高听力,使我们的发音更加地道。 音变主要有 连读、失音、弱化、浊化、同化、重音、缩读等形式。这些形式的产生可以归结为一个原则,即 “Economy” —“经济”原则 或称为“省力”原则。“省力”这两个简单的字眼可以解释几乎所有的音变现象,人是很懒的,对于最经常的行为——说话,当然要想许多省事的法子,于是也就产生了多种为省力而衍变的音变现象。牢记省力原则,在我们读英语的时候,让自己的唇舌处于放松的状态,轻松的去读英语,我想发音的感觉一定会有所不同。 言归正题, 以下列出给听力造成很大障碍的五种音变现象及其读音规则,以及最后一项关于节奏的小文章,希望能有所帮助! 一、 连读 连读有两种规则,分别为: 1、 以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词:要连读 如:I’d li(ke a)nother bow(l o)f rice. 这里like / laik / 以辅音结尾,another 以元音开头,所以连读 注意: 以辅音结尾 指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音,而不是单词的结尾,这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。 2、以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词h不发音,与前面的辅音 what wil(l he) [wili]do? Ha(s he) done it before? Mus(t he) [ti] go? Can he do it? Should he….? Tell him to ask her…. Lea(ve him) [vim]. For him (连读这个词,会发现和forum 很相似) 我第一次知道这一连读规则时,兴奋不已,很容易的听懂了许多以前觉得很难以理解的句子, 并且按照这种连读方式发音省力、轻松了许多。再次证实”Economy”。 二、 音的同化
音的同化也是一种连读的现象,两个词之间非常平滑的过渡,导致一个音受临音影响而变化。主要是以下三种方式: 1、 辅音[d]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[dэ]:Would you....? 2、 辅音[t]与[j]相邻时,被同化为[t∫]: Can’t you:。。。。? 3、 辅音[s]与[j]相邻时, 被同化为[∫]: Miss you 三、 失音 由于失去爆破是失音的一种现象,摩擦音也会被失去,所以统称为失音。 注意: 爆破音并不是完全失去,仍然形成阻碍,把气流堵在里面,但不爆破,直接发出相邻的辅音。 规则: 1、 辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。 这样的例子有很多很多, 红色标注的辅音不发音: Sit down: 发音再次的老师都不会发出 [t] 音 Contact lens: Big cake Dad told me Huge change Good night 四、 浊化 1、[S] 后面的清辅音要浊化 Discussion: [k] 浊化成 [g] Stand: [t] 浊化成[d] Expression: [p]浊化成 2、美音中:[t] 在单词的中间被浊化成[d] 如: writer, 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别 letter—ladder out of 美国人和加拿大人发音为了省事,习惯清音浊化,尤其是[t]在单词的中间一定会浊化成[d], 但英国人发音不会这样,这也是英音和美音的一大区别。 了解这一浊化原则,会给听力带来一些帮助。 五、 弱读 一般来说: 实词重读,如动词、名词、副词等; 虚词弱读,如介词、代词等 弱读的规则一般是:元音音节弱化成 [E] 或 比如说如下几个单词:for/to/some/does/of 查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音,如for: 重读时[fR:] , 弱读时 [fE] 六、 节奏 对于英语的节奏,我也把握不好,而且还为此郁闷不已。在我认为,中国人说普通化,一个句子的标准节奏和语调往往 只有一个,我想英语也应该是这样,但是怎么样才是标准语调呢?特意为这个问题问过英语老师,不同的外国人说同一个陈述句会有不同得语调吗?她告诉我是的。不过在看了下面这段话之后,我想她可能误我了。:) 字组概念的引入 字母是书写英语单词的最小单位,音素是语言中最小的发音单位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母两种。英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在着对应关系。有时一个字母对应一个音素,有时两个或三个字母对应一个音素。 字组指的是一个或几个字母在起,发一个音素。字组是拼读英语单词的基本单位,一个字组对应着一个音素。字组能很好地体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的对应关系,一个字组总是对应着一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两类,元字组是对元音字母和元音字母组合的合称;辅字组是对辅音字母和辅音字母组合的合称。 字母数量少(26个),字组数量多(73个),但在同一个单词中,字组数少于或等于字母数,以字组为单位记忆单词可以减轻学习者的负担。如chick一词,字组数是三个ch-i-ck,字母数是五个c-h-i-c-k,记忆三个字组总比记忆五个字母要容易。 字母不能很好地体现英语单词“音形一体”的特点,只有引入“字组”这一概念才能使单词的“音”与“形”统一起来。如chick一词,如果把chick拆分开来看c-h-i-c-k,我们并不知道每个字母发什么音,只有把ch、i、ck看成字组,以字组为单位来看待这个词,才能看出词形与读音之间的对应关系,ch-i-ck分别对应[t]、[i]和[k]音。三个字组对应三个音素的记忆方式,比排列组合式地记忆五个字母要容易得多。 英语是一种拼音文字,不认真总结单词里每个字组的读音规律,不是把单词的拼写形式与其读音联系在一起,不是在单词的拼写形式和读音之间建立一种对应关系,那么,记忆单词就要从三个方面来记忆:记词形、记词音、记词义。 比如语调的升降、词语的重音、句子在何处停顿。 掌握一定的拼读规律,可以把三个方面记忆变为两个方面。把英语单词的拼写和读音做为一个整体来掌握,见到一个单词就可以根据其拼写形式读其音;反过来,听到一个单词的发音,就能够根据其读音拼写出这个单词来。这样把拼写和拼读当成一个整体来对待。记住了词形,也就记住了词音,记住了词音也就等于记住了这个词的拼写形式。将记忆单词的三个方面(记词形、记词音、记词义)简化为“一一对应”式的记词方法。所谓“一一对应”就是将“读音”和“拼写”看作一个整体,即“音形一体”,只要记住这个“音形一体”所对应的词义就行了。将“记词形、记词音、记词义”简化为“记音形、记词义”。 总之,基于七十多个字组的识记单词方式,远比基于二十六个字母的识记单词方式效率高、速度快、记忆时间长。听音知形,见形知音,音形互佐,见到一个单词能够读出来,会读的单词能够写出来。只有充分利用英语单词拼写与读音之间的对应关系,有声地学习英语,学起来才会感到轻松、容易。只有将单词的读音和拼写作为一个整体来掌握,才可以大大地降低识记英语单词的难度。 记忆单词不仅要记住单词的读音和拼写,还要学习其用法,了解单词的语法属性,了解单词与其他同义词、和近义词的相同之处和不同之处,也就是说仅仅只是记住单词的拼写和读音是不够的,但也就是单词的拼读问题象一座山一样,挡住了许多学习者前进的道路,他们不能轻松应对英语单词的拼读问题,也就很难进一步更深入地学习英语。由此可见,尽早、尽快、尽可能好地掌握英语单词的拼读规律,对英语学习者来说是非常重要的。
英语字组表 字 组 元字组元音字母

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