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托福备考：TPO27综合写作文本与解析
simily&&&&&&&&
6月04日 17:06&&&&&&&&
TPO27综合写作题目 Reading Part:
The little ice age was a period of unusually cold temperature in many parts of the world that lasted from about the year 1350 until 1900CE. There were unusually harsh winters, and glaciers grew larger in many areas. Scientist have long wondered what caused the Little Ice Age. Several possible causes have been proposed.
First, the cooling may have been caused by disrupting of ocean currents. Before the Little Ice Age, there was a period of unusually warm weather during which glaciers melted. These melted glaciers sent a large amount of cold freshwater into the Gulf Stream, a large ocean current that strongly affects Earth's climate. Some scientists believe that this freshwater was enough to temporarily disrupt the Gulf Stream. Such a disruption could have caused the Little Ice Age.
Second, volcanic eruption could have caused the Little Ice Age. When volcanoes erupt, they send dark clouds of dust and sulfur gas into the atmosphere. These clouds, which can spread over great areas, block some sunlight from reaching Earth's surface. This can decrease the global temperatures. Scientists know of several volcanic eruption that took place during the Little Ice Age.
Third, substantial decreases in human populations may have contributed indirectly to the cooling of the climate. For a variety of reason(disease, warfare, social disruption), the human population just before the Little Ice Age and during the early part of it was lower than it had been in a long time. Forest trees started growing on fields that were no longer used for agriculture. Since trees absorb carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, they decrease the greenhouse effect that keeps Earth warm. With more forest trees carbon dioxide, earth became cooler.
托福TPO27综合写作题目 Listening Part:
Unfortunately，the arguments of the reading passage are a little out of date． Scientists now have new information that shows that none of the ideas the reading passage discusses could account for the Little Ice Age．
First，about the Gulf Stream．Scientists now know that disrupting the Gulf Stream would cause cooling only in Europe and North America，but the Little Ice Age also affected the Southern hemisphere，in places like New Zealand and Southern Africa for example．Since the disruption of the Gulf Stream cannot explain why these southern areas became colder，it cannot explain the Little Ice Age．
Second, the volcanoes theory．It’s true that if volcanic eruptions put enough dust into the atmosphere．the result can be a cooler climate．But large amounts of volcanic dust in the atmosphere would have also produced striking visual effect that people would have noticed at the time．For example．Dramatically colorful Sunsets or snow being grey or brown instead of white．But there are almost no reports of anything like that routinely happening during the Little Ice Age．So it seems that the volcanic eruptions during that period were simply not strong enough to release the large amounts of dust needed to lower global temperatures．
Third, about forests on farmland stopping the warming greenhouse effect by removing carbon dioxide．There just was not enough time for this effect to work．The human population grew back to previous levels fairly quickly，which meant that forests were soon being cut down again to clear fields for the crops needed to feed the growing population．As a result，we know that the forests mentioned in the reading passage were not there long enough to cause the long--term global cooling of the climate．
托福TPO27综合写作题目 Question:
Summarize the point made in the lecture ， being sure to explain how the cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.
托福TPO27综合写作***解析：
In the reading passage, the author claims that the cause of the Little Ice Age was due to three main reasons. The lecturer, however, reputes the writer’s opinion one by one with strong arguments.
Firstly, the passage argues that the Gulf Stream formed in the previous warm period was responsible for the appearance of the unexpected Little Ice Age. Yet, the speaker argues that the so-called Gulf Stream only contributed to the cooling weather in Northern hemisphere while Little Ice Age took place all over the world. Thus, global Little Ice Age cannot be Next, according to the reading material, dust and sulfur gas caused by volcanic eruptions would block sunlight, and resulted in Little Ice Age. he lecturer, however, holds that volcanic eruptions should have led to other visual phenomena than cooling weather, like colorful sunsets or grey snow. But unfortunately none of them were reported. Once taken this into consideration, volcanic eruptions seems not strong enough to release the large amounts of dusts needed to lower global temperatures.
Last but not least, the writer states that the substantial decrease in human population may cause the unusual Little Ice Age. Again the speaker argues.您现在的位置：
新托福TPO真题全解(2TPO27-32)
&&&&新托福考试日趋变化，如何穿过层层迷雾，直接领会其出题思路？万变不离其宗，做TPO真题不失为一条省时省力的捷径。迄今为止，ETS官方已经推出了33套TPO真题，我们希望追上它的步伐，精确剖析每一套TPO真题，破解托福高分密码，打造TPO真题的最佳拍档，助力学子在备考新托福的过程中更加如虎添翼，事半功倍。希望大家通过彭铁城编著的《新托福TPO真题全解2（TPO27－32）》中TPO真题的系统练习，都能够在新托福考试中赢得高分，实现自己的留学梦想！
&&&&彭铁城编著的《新托福TPO真题全解2（TPO27－32）》对TPO27－TPO32进行了详细的解读，每一套题都包含听、说、读、写各部分，具体来说：&&&&1）阅读部分：对于每篇文章，不仅精心总结了文章中的重点词汇，而且还对长难句进行了剖析。此外，对于每一道题目都给出了准确透彻的解析，帮助考生考熟悉各种考试题型及篇章题材，有效提高阅读水平及题点准确定位能力，从而使大家的阅读能力与TOEFLiBT做到无缝对接。&&&&2）听力部分：听力部分分别对Conversation和Lecture进行了解析。Conversation部分包括背景词汇、场景介绍、题目解析；Lecture部分除了重点词汇注释、语篇分析及详细的题目解析外，还总结了讲座的主要内容，帮助考生更好地理解每篇Lecture。考生可以通过书中详细的解读，抓住ETS的命题规律及出题意图，从而使备考更有效。&&&&3）口语部分：对于独立口语，书中对每道题目都给出了题型解析、解题方案和答题要点，并给出了地道的高分参考***拱考生参考学习。而对于综合口语任务，书中给出了每篇阅读和听力文章的答题要点，并提供了详细的笔记及流畅地道的参考***。&&&&4）写作部分：针对综合写作，书中准确提炼了每篇阅读和听力文章的要点，并给出了精彩的转述，在此基础上提供了高分参考范文。对于每道独立写作题目，除了参考范文外，还对参考范文进行了详细的分析，包括文章的逻辑、妙词佳句、同类话题扩展等。每篇范文都是按照托福考试要求和评分标准来撰写的，既有同学们喜闻乐见的套路、模版，也有新颖的角度和地道鲜活的语言。&&&&本书旨在为考生答疑解惑，指点迷津，充分发挥TPO的使用效能，实为托福备考之必备参考资料。
&&&&彭铁城，新航道国际教育集团副总裁，新航道托福研究院院长。美国著名语言教学专家，麻省大学应用语言学硕士，纽约大学计算语言学博士。回国前任微软美国总部研究院计算语言学家。1984年留学美国，在美期间，曾在麻省大学、纽约大学、西雅图学院、绿河学院等美国高等院校任教达十年之久，主要从事英语、托福教育工作，并先后参与纽约市教育局英语教学大纲、英语教材等书籍的编写工作。1988年至1993年，取得纽约州及华盛顿州的英语教师执照。1998年加盟荟萃全球科学巨子的微软总部研究院，主要从事自然语言处理，包括中文句法检错、机器翻译等研究与开发工作。其相关论文2001年在国际性自然语言处理刊物上发表。
&&&&2002年毅然离开微软，回国创业，投身于中国民办英语教育事业，并首创闻名业界的“英语同步教学法”。后加盟新航道。由于其丰富的教育培训职业生涯和宽阔的学术视野，为新航道的高速发展增添了强劲的动力。
TPO 27ReadingSection 1Crafts in the Ancient Near EastSection 2The Formation of Volcanic IslandsSection 3Predator-Prey CyclesListeningSection 1ConversationLecture lLecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent WritingTPO 28ReadingSection 1GroundwaterSection 2Early Saharan PastoralistsSection 3Buck Rubs and Buck ScrapesListeningSection 1ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent WritingTPO 29ReadingSection 1Characteristics of Roman PotterySection 2CompetitionSection 3The History of WaterpowerListeningSection 1ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent WritingTPO 30ReadingSection 1Role of Play in DevelopmentSection 2The Pace of Evolutionary ChangeSection 3The Invention of the Mechanical ClockListeningSection 1ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask lTask 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent WritingTPO 31ReadingSection 1Speciation in Geographically IsolatedPopulationsSection 2Early Childhood EducationSection 3Savanna FormationListeningSection 1ConversationLecture lLecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent WritingTPO 32ReadingSection 1Plant ColonizationSection 2Siam, Section 3Distributions of Tropical Bee ColoniesListeningSection 1ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2Section 2ConversationLecture 1Lecture 2SpeakingTask 1Task 2Task 3Task 4Task 5Task 6WritingIntegrated WritingIndependent Writing