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[把下列句子改为拟人句]把下列句子转换为同义句1. What's the girl's name ?Wha-疾风资料库
[把下列句子改为拟人句]把下列句子转换为同义句1. What's the girl's name ?Wha
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篇一 : 把下列句子转换为同义句1. What's the girl's name ?Wha把下列句子转换为同义句1. What's the girl's name ?What's the ________________ the girl ?2. What is this in English?What's_______________ this ?3. How old is she?What's_________________her?What's her______?题型:句型转换难度:中档来源:同步题1. name of 2. the English for3. age考点:考点名称:名词所有格名词所有格:表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词,后加’s来表示所有关系。名词所有格的构成:①一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加’s例如:the child’s bag 这个孩子的书包 children’s books 儿童用书 ②带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)例如:girls’ school 女子学校 the smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车带词尾s的单数,通常仍加’s,如the boss’s new car ③带词尾s的人名,可加’s或只加省字撇(’) 例如:Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles’ job 查理斯的工作不带词尾s,却以[s]结尾,一律加’s,如Marx’s 马克思的著作④双重所有格:将’s与of 结合一起使用构成双重所有格。例如:a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友
a photo of mine 我的一张照片注意:①用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。例:Tom’s and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(各自)的房间。Tom and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(共同)的房间。②下列情况可以将 ’s 所有格中的名词省略。a名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。例 This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和比特的。 The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的,而是珍妮的。b名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’.the doctor’s(office)医生的诊所my uncle’s(house)我叔叔的家-’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较:(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达(2) 必须用 ‘s 所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报 ③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个***,刚刚来过这儿。(3) 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语 Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别:举例比较下面三句话: 1.She is Mary's brother's friend. 2.She is a friend of Mary's brother. 3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's. 1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。 2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。"名词所有格"用法:名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。一、's 所有格的用法 1.表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如: Jim's bed the man's wife children's toys the fox's tail 2.以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如: the students' books Teachers' Day my boss' office a girls' dormitory 3.有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。例如: today's newspaper five minutes'walk a ton's weight a dollar's worth of stamps the moon's rays 4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如: Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有) Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间) 5.'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 a、表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如: I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。 She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。 b、名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如: Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。 二、of 所有格的用法 of 所有格由of 加名词构成,其用法归纳如下: 1.of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如: a map of the world the story of a hero the windows of the room the title of the film 2.用于名词化的词。例如: the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖 3.修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如: the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴 4.表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如: the children of the family 那家的孩子们 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。 the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子 但有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子: an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世) the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世) 三、's所有格和of所有格可以表示下面的关系: 1.所有关系 the students'reading room 学生阅览室 2.主谓关系 the arrival of the train 火车的到达 3.动宾关系 the search of knowledge 知识的探究 4.同位关系 the name of Kate 凯特这个名字 四、双重所有格及其用法 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感***彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下: 1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如: a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如: He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感***彩) 试比较: a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片 此外,不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如: most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书。 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书? 考点名称:名词名词:是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词分类:一、按意义分类1.专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。 例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲) Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。2.普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。 普通名词又可进一步分为五类:①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。(car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片)②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词(boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄) ④物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式。名词易混点举例:一.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:work(工作) ----a work (著作); glass(玻璃)----a glass (玻璃杯); aper(纸) ----a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)tea(茶) ----a tea (一种茶)(表示种类);wood(木头) ----a wood (小树林);room(空间) ----a room (房间)二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job①work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。②job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感***彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。4.instead/instead ofinstead/instead ofinstead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。Could I have tuna instead of ham?我能否要金***鱼而不是火腿?Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。5.frightened/afraid/terriblefrightened/afraid/terrible①frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。③terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。6.learn/studylearn/study二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:When did you begin to study/learn English?你是什么时候开始学习英语的?study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。如:He studied hard and at last learned the language.他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:He is studying the math problem.他正在研究这个数学问题。He learns English on the radio.他通过广播学英语。The baby is learning to speak.这个婴儿正在学说话。7.there be/have/ownthere be/have/own①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。③own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。8.answer/replyanswer/reply这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:The old man smiled before he replied to my question.老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:answer the door (门铃响了)去开门answer the telephone 接***名词的语法功能:名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀:一、人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作,名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分,若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离,一分再分仍原物。英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感***彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.3.police总称“***”,表示复数概念:policeman强调“***”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.5.不同国家的人的单复数:名称总称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germans a Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansa Americantwo Americans考点名称:介词介词:是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词的分类:(1)表示时间,处所:从 自 自从 于 打 到 往 在 当 朝 向 顺着 沿着 随着(2)表示方式:按 照 按照 依 依照 本着 经过 通过 根据 以 凭(3)表示目的:为 为了 为着(4)表示原因:因 由于 因为(5)表示对象,范围:对 对于 把 向 跟 与 同 给 关于(6)表示排除:除 除了 除去 除非(7)表示被动:被 叫 让 给(8)表示比较:比 和 同上述介词中的“着,了,过”是语素,不是动态助词。介词at, in, on的区别:1. 表示时间,注意以下用法:(1) 表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at。如:I get up at six in the morning. 我早上六点钟起床。He got married at the age of 25. 他 25 岁结婚。(2) 泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in。如:We watch TV in the evening. 我们晚上看电视。He went to Japan in 1946. 他于 1946 去了日本。(3) 若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on。如:He left here on the fifth of May. 他于 5 月 5 日离开这儿。2. 表示地点、场所、位置等,注意以下用法:(1) 表示某一点位置,用 at。如:We live at No 87 Beijing Road. 我们住在北京路 87 号。The hospital is at the end of the street. 医院在这条街的尽头。与名词所有格连用表示地点,也用 at。如:at my sister’s 在我姐姐家 at the doctor’s 在医务室(2) 表示空间或范围,用 in。如:What’s in the box? 这盒子里有什么?He lives in Paris with his wife. 他同他妻子住在巴黎。但有时两者可换用。如:The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 会议在宾馆举行。(3) at 与 in 的另一个区别是:at 用于指较小的地方,而 in 用于指较大的地方。如:in Shanghai 在上海 at the station 在车站但是,大与小是相对的,有时随着说话者的着眼点不同,大地方也可能用 at(比如把一个大地方看作一个点时)。如:Our plane refuelled at London. 我们的飞机在伦敦加油。We stopped for an hour at Moscow on our way to Paris. 我们在去巴黎的途中在莫斯科停了 1 个小时。(4) 介词 on 用于地点,主要指在某物的表面。如:What’s on the table? 桌上有什么?There’s a wallet lying on the ground. 地上有个钱包。注:在少数搭配中,也用介词 on。如:He works on a farm. 他在农场工作。3. 在某些搭配中,三者的区别与英国英语和美国英语有关:in the street (英) / on the street (美) 在街上in the road (英) / on the road (美) 在路上in the team (英) / on the team (美) 在这个队at the weekend (英) / on the weekend (美) 在周末at weekends (英) / on weekends (美) 在周末4. 有时三者的差别与搭配习惯和用法有关:in bed / on the bed 在床上in the tree (多指树外之物) / on the tree (多指树本身之物) 在树上介词besides,but,except的用法区别:1. 三者都可表示“除外”,但 besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有……”。如:Besides his wife,his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外,他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except [but] his wife. 除他妻子外,没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注:在否定句中,besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”,与but, except 同义。如:No one passed the exam besides [except] Jim. 除吉姆外,没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except:(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较:All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。(2) 在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,一般说来,它只能用在下列词语之后:① no, no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere 等② any, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere 等③ every, everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere 等④ all, none 等⑤ who, what, where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven’t told anybody but you. 除你之外,我没告诉任何人。No one but he [him] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来,若没有出现上述词汇,就不宜使用介词 but,否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较:正:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。误:The window is never opened but in summer.(3) but 一定不能用于句首,except 通常不用于句首:除我之外每个人都累了。正:Everyone is tired but (except) me.正:Everyone but (except) me is tired.误:But (Except) me, everyone is tired.注:except for 可用于句首,表示 except 的意思:正:Except for me, everyone is tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for:except 主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如:All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。注:若用于句首,则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。4. 关于 except for 与 but for:except for 主要表示排除,but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如:Except for me, everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外,大家都通过了考试。But for my help, she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助,她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气,植物就会死亡。5. besides 除用作介词外,还用作副词,其意为“此外”、“而且”,可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如:I don’ besides, I’m too tired. 我不想去,而且我也太累了。This car belongs to Smith, and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的,此外他还有两部。介词的用法口诀:早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in。。。以后,小处at大处in。有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、着论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类knowtoman。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。同类比较except,加for异类记心间。原状becauseof,、owingto、dueto表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。before、after表一点,ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside,除了lastbutone。复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。butfor否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在。。。。。。方面,有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。篇二 : 将下列各句改为被动句。1. We can finish the work in two day将下列各句改为被动句。1. We can finish the work in two days. The work _____ in two days.2. The children will sing an English song. An English song _____ by the children.3. You needn't do it now. It _____ by you now.4. Lucy sent me a New Year card last week. A New Year card _____ me by Lucy last week.5. He made me do that for him. I _____do that for him.6. I have given this book to the library. This book_____to the library by me.7. Did he break the window yesterday?
_____ the window _____ yesterday?题型:句型转换难度:中档来源:同步题l. can be finished2. will be sung3. needn't be done 4. was sent to 5. was made to 6. has been given 7. Was, broken by him考点:考点名称:被动语态语态:是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。被动语态的构成:被动语态的基本结构:主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词如:Trees are planted every year. ② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词如:The road is being repaired.③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词如:The work has been finished. ④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词如:The story was told by him. Many birds were killed last year. ⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词如:The new house was being painted when I got home. ⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词如: He told me that the work had been finished. ⑦一般将来时 will +be + 过去分词如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow. ⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.⑨情态动词的被动语态情态动词+ be +过去分词 如:The problem must be solved soon.Children should be taught to love animals.被动语态使用注意:1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。 例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.构成be+done.主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤:①把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语②把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。③原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。 ④其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。不用于被动语态的情形:①不及物动词没有被动语态 这类动词有take place, happen, come about, break out, appear, disappear, last, arise等。 例如:A fire broke out during the night. ②某些静态动词不用于被动语态 这类动词有have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble等。例如:My shoes do not fit me. ③宾语为相互代词和反身代词时不用于被动语态 例如:We should help each other. 关于主动形式表示被动意义:①系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式。 例如:The building looks very beautiful. ②当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The book sells well. ③有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。 例如:Her eyes filled with tears. ④不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动表被动。 例如:Who is to blame? ⑤某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The book is difficult to understand. ⑥不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:Do you have time to help us? ⑦在too...to do sth.和...enough to do sth. 这两个结构中,若主语与其后不定式为to do sth.被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用 被动式)。 例如:The writing is too faint to read. ⑧be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。 例如:This movie is worth seeing. ⑨在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如:The house needs cleaning. 表示“据说”的三类被动句型:①It is said that...句式 例如:It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. ②There is said that...句式 例如:There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. ③sb./sth.is said that...句式 例如:Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 被动语态各时态构成 :时态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时was/were+过去分词现在进行时am/is/are being+过去分词过去进行时was/were being+过去分词一般将来时will be+过去分词过去将来时would be+过去分词现在完成时have/has been+过去分词过去完成时had been+过去分词情态动词情态动词be+过去分词情态动词的被动语态:一、理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等,分别表示“能够被……”,“可以被……”,“必须被……”,“需要被……“,应该被……”等。二、掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。(一)一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如:Mustthisworkbedoneatonce?这项工作必须立即完成吗?Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix?你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗?(二)特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如:Whenmustthisworkbedone?这工作必须在什么时候完成?Wherecanthelostbookbefound?这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到?(三)反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如:Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear,can'tit?这座桥明年能建成,是吗?Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary,shouldit?这本书不应被带出图书馆,是吗?(四)否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可,但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如:Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce.这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere.这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词,但“must”表“必须”时,其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时,其肯定回答应用“must”。如:--Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday?我的作业应在今天完成吗?--Yes,theyshould.是的,应在今天完成。(No,theyshouldn't.不,不应在今天完成。)--Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce?他的练习本必须立即上交吗?--Yes,itmust.是的,必须立即上交。(No,itneedn't.不,不必立即上交。)--Needhebeoperatedonatonce?他必须立即手术吗?--Yes,hemust.是的,他必须。(No,heneedn't.不,他不必。)篇三 : 将下列句子改为宾语从句。1. He said. He has a big hou将下列句子改为宾语从句。1. He said. He has a big house.He said ____________ a big house.2. Nobody knows.Did anybody get there on time?Nobody knows ______ anybody ______ there on time.3. She wondered. Where can she wait for No. 11 bus?She wondered ______ she ____________ for No. 11 bus.4. Aunt Liu asked her son :"Do you find my purse?"Aunt Liu asked her son __________________________ purse.5. The teacher told the students :"The sun is bigger than the moon."The teacher told the students ______ the sun ______ bigger than the moon.6. Did you know?What’s your father doing ?Did you know _______ your father _______ doing?题型:句型转换难度:中档来源:同步题1. he had2. got3. could wait4. whether did he find5. is6. was考点:考点名称:宾语从句宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句连接代词主要有:who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。 宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略。4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.宾语从句的时态:1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.4.如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。    False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.    Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。     Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.    Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just twohours. C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.    Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.D.主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.    Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner宾语从句的否定转移:主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是? 宾语从句中引导词的用法比较在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词:who, whose, what ,which副词:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。例句:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.在以下情况中that不能省略a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。例句:I can’t tell him that his mother died.d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.2.只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句a.在带to的不定式前例句:We decided whether to walk there.b.在介词的后面例句:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.c.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next weekd.直接与or not连用时例句:I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句a.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.c.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. d.在不定式前只能用whether. (如:I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。) e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。1.英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?2.英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分。例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.简化宾语从句常用六法:方法一:当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二:当主句谓语动词是know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?方法三:当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy
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