读过本章后感觉，似乎后来本书中诸葛亮使用的“空城计”是借鉴的赵云在本章中使用的“空寨计”，不同之处是赵云的确埋伏了兵马。
另外，曹操的确又错过了一次干掉刘备的机会。他本应该趁着在汉中取胜的时候一鼓作气拿下西蜀的，可能当时存在各种各样的原因吧，也可能是因为曹操的年纪大了，从后来他决定从汉中撤兵看来，在各个方面来说，他已经步入衰落期了。----以上纯属个人观点
《三国演义》节选 第七十一回
原文作者：罗贯中
发布： 09:01:48
&第七十一回& 定军山
忠慌与法正商议，正曰："渊为人轻躁，恃勇少谋。可激劝士卒，拔寨前进，步步为营，诱渊来战而擒之：此乃反客为主之法。"忠用其谋，将应有之物，尽赏三军，欢声满谷，愿效死战。黄忠即日拔寨而进，步步为营；每营住数日，又进。
Alarmed, Huang Zhong took counsel with Fa Zheng. “Yuan is willful,” said Fa Zheng. “He trusts to his courage and rarely plans well. We must encourage our troops to break camp and advance, encamping at each stage, then draw Xiahou Yuan into battle and capture him. This is what military science calls ‘reversing the position of host and guest’.” Huang Zhong adopted the ruse, rewarding the arm the valley echoed with the men’s oaths to fight to the death. Huang Zhong broke camp and went forward, staying a few days at each camp along the way.
渊闻之，欲出战。张?曰："此乃反客为主之计，不可出战，战则有失。"渊不从，令夏侯尚引数千兵出战，直到黄忠寨前。忠上马提刀出迎，与夏侯尚交马，只一合，生擒夏侯尚归寨。余皆败走，回报夏侯渊。渊急使人到黄忠寨，言愿将陈式来换夏侯尚。忠约定来日阵前相换。
Xiahou Yuan heard of Huang Zhong’s movements and wanted to engage. But Zhang He protested, “This is the ‘reversing host and guest’ ruse. Do not engage or you will suffer from it.” Yuan ignored the advice and sent Xiahou Shang down with 1000-some men. When they came directly in front of the camp, Huang Zhong rode forth, broadsword high, and in just one exchange captured his opponent and returned to camp. Shang’s troops dispersed and reported it back to Xiahou Yuan, who immediately sent an envoy offering to exchange Chen Shi for Xiahou Shang. Huang Zhong agreed and set the exchange for the following day before the opposed lines.
次日，两军皆到山谷阔处，布成阵势。黄忠、夏侯渊各立马于本阵门旗之下。黄忠带着夏侯尚，夏侯渊带着陈式，各不与袍铠，只穿蔽体薄衣。一声鼓响，陈式、侯夏尚各望本阵奔回。夏侯尚比及到阵门时，被黄忠一箭，射中后心。尚带箭而回。渊大怒，骤马径取黄忠。忠正要激渊厮杀。
The next day, the 2 armies deployed in a broad field of the valley. Huang Zhong and Xiahou Yuan rode to the bannered opening of their respective lines, each with his prisoner dressed in ordinary clothes. At the sound of the drums, the prisoners dashed across the field to their own formations. But before Xiahou Shang reached safety, Huang Zhong had shot him in the back with an arrow. In a fury, Xiahou Yuan charged Huang Zhong. This was exactly Huang Zhong had been hoping for.
两将交马，战到二十余合，曹营内忽然鸣金收兵。渊慌拨马而回，被忠乘势杀了一阵。渊回阵问押阵官："为何鸣金？"答曰："某见山凹中有蜀兵旗幡数处，恐是伏兵，故急招将军回。"渊信其说，遂坚守不出。
The 2 generals fought more than 20 rounds. Suddenly the gong sounded in Cao’s camp, and Xiahou Yuan wheeled and returned to his side, Huang Zhong took the advantage and gave pursuit. Yuan asked the keeper of the line why he had sounded the gong. “General, I saw some Shu banners in the screened valley,” he replied. “Fearing ambush, I summoned you back.” Yuan believed the explanation and took strict defensive after that.
黄忠逼到定军山下，与法正商议。正以手指曰："定军山西，巍然有一座高山，四下皆是险道。此山上足可下视定军山之虚实。将军若取得此山，定军山只在掌中也。"忠仰见山头稍平，山上有些少人马。是夜二更，忠引军士鸣金击鼓，直杀上山顶。此山有夏侯渊部将杜袭守把，止有数百余人。当时见黄忠大队拥上，只得弃山而走。
Huang Zhong approached Dingjun Mountain’s foot, where he consulted with Fa Zheng. Pointing west, Fa Zheng said, “West of Dingjun, a high mountain with hard-going roads on all sides overlooks the enemy. If we gain control of it, Dingjun is as good as in our hands.” Huang Zhong observed the small plateau at the top and noted how lightly it was defended. At the 2nd watch, among the clang of gongs and the sound of drums, he made his way to the summit. The defender, Du Xi, Xiahou Yuan’s lieutenant, had only a few hundred men. He saw Huang Zhong’s force surging up and abandoned his position.
忠得了山顶，正与定军山相对。法正曰："将军可守在半山，某居山顶。待夏侯渊兵至，吾举白旗为号，将军却按兵勿动；待他倦怠无备，吾却举起红旗，将军便下山击之：以逸待劳，必当取胜。"忠大喜，从其计。
Huang Z DingjunMountainwas directly opposite. Fa Zheng suggested a plan, “General, defend the middle section of the mountain. I will hold the summit and signal with a white flag when Xiahou Yuan arrives. You must restrain your troops until he tires and lets down his guard. When I raised a red flag, descend and attack. Fatigued, their soldiers will be no match for our fresh forces.” Huang Zhong was delighted with this plan.
却说杜袭引军逃回，见夏侯渊，说黄忠夺了对山。渊大怒曰："黄忠占了对山，不容我不出战。"张?谏曰："此乃法正之谋也。将军不可出战，只宜坚守。"渊曰："占了吾对山，观吾虚实，如何不出战？"?苦谏不听。
Du Xi led his defeated troops to Dingjun Mountain and reported the update to Xiahou Yuan. Angrily, Yuan said, “If they control the opposite mountain, we have no choice but go out to fight.” Zhang He, however, objected. “This is one of Fa Zheng’s tricks. Hold your position and do not engage,” he advised. “How can I do that when they have a full view of our positions?” Yuan asked and dismissed Zhang He’s earnest protest.
渊分军围住对山，大骂挑战。法正在山上举起白旗；任从夏侯渊百般辱骂，黄忠只不出战。午时以后，法正见曹兵倦怠，锐气已堕，多下马坐息，乃将红旗招展，鼓角齐鸣，喊声大震，黄忠一马当先，驰下山来，犹如天崩地塌之势。夏侯渊措手不及，被黄忠赶到麾盖之下，大喝一声，犹如雷吼。渊未及相迎，黄忠宝刀已落，连头带肩，砍为两段。
Xiahou Yuan surrounded the hostile hill with a company of soldiers who hurled up taunts to provoke battle. But Fa Zheng, positioned at the summit, raised the white flag warning Huang Zhong not to enter battle. After midday, Fa Zheng observed a decline of the enemy’s discipline and their spirit for battle, many of them even dismounted and were sitting on the ground. So Fa Zheng raised the red flag, and Huang Zhong, with drums beating and horns blaring, descended at the head of his men as if a landslide. Before Xiahou Yuan could defend himself, Huang Zhong already drew near his command canopy. Zhong’s shouts rang out like thunder. Overpowered, Xiahou Yuan fell to Huang Zhong’s fine broadsword, which severed his head and part of his shoulder.
云已杀回本寨。部将张翼接着，望见后面尘起，知是曹兵追来，即谓云曰："追兵渐近，可令军士闭上寨门，上敌楼防护。"云喝曰："休闭寨门！汝岂不知吾昔在当阳长坂时，单***匹马，觑曹兵八十三万如草芥！今有军有将，又何惧哉！"遂拨弓***手于寨外壕中埋伏；将营内旗***，尽皆倒偃，金鼓不鸣。云匹马单***，立于营门之外。
Zhang Yi welcomed Zilong back to camp. Seeing the dust clouds of pursuit in the distance, he said to Zilong, “The enemy is coming. Seal up the gates and defend from the watch towers.” “No such thing,” Zilong chided. “Have you forgotten Steepslope, when, with one spear and one mount. I disdained Cao’s multitudes? What should we fear today when we have soldiers and commanders?” So saying, Zilong deployed archers and crossbowmen in concealed trenches around the perimeter of the camp. At the same time he had those inside the camp down their spears and flags and put away drum and gong. Then with a single spear, Zilong rode alone to the front of the entrance.
却说张?、徐晃领兵追至蜀寨，天色已暮；见寨中偃旗息鼓，又见赵云匹马单***，立于营外，寨门大开，二将不敢前进。正疑之间，曹操亲到，急催督众军向前。众军听令，大喊一声，杀奔营前；见赵云全然不动，曹兵翻身就回。赵云把***一招，壕中弓***齐发。
Zhang He and Xu Huang had pursued Zilong to his camp. In the fading daylight, they noted that no flags in sight and the drums were still. They also saw Zilong, riding alone with his spear, just outside the open entrance to the camp. Cao’s 2 generals were at a loss whenCao Caohimself rode up and pressed them to advance. At Cao’s order, the troops, yelling madly, rushed headlong toward the camp. But something about Zilong’s motionless stance made Cao’s troops turn around. Then Zilong waved his spear, and the hidden archers and bowmen stood up in their trenches, releasing volleys of arrows.
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