KornShell Quick Reference -
- Free Computer, Programming, Mathematics, Technical Books, Lecture Notes and Tutorials
Unix KornShell Quick Reference
I/O redirection and pipe
Shell variables
Pattern matching
Control characters
Directory listing
Creating a directory
Changing directory
Comparing files
Access to files
copying files and directories
deleting files & directory
moving files & directories
Visualizing files
linking files & directories
Compiling & Linking
Job control
miscellaneous
History & Command line editing
The different shells
Special shell variables
special characters
Evaluating shell variables
The if statement
The logical operators
Math operators
Controlling execution
Debug mode
Example 1 : loops, cases ...
Example 2 : switches
I/O redirection and pipe
running in foreground (interactive)
% command >file
redirects stdout to file
% command 2>err_file
redirects stderr to err_file
% command >file 2>&1
redirects both stdout and stderr on file
% (command > f1) 2>f2
send stdout on f1, stderr on f2
% command >>file
appends stdout to file
% command &file
redirects stdin from file
% command && text
Read standard input uo to line identical
% command1
redirects stdout from command1 into stdin of
command2 via a pipe
du ~ | sort -nr | head
% command | tee f1 f2 ...
The output of command is sent on
stdout and copied into f1, f2, ...
% command&
running in background
% nohup command&
running in background even after log out
% set -o monitor
to have a message when a background job ends
stderr : to print on it in a script, use the option -u2 in command print
Shell variables
# Warning : no blank before of after the = sign
# Integers :
typeset -r roues=4
# definition of a CONSTANT (read only)
typeset -i2 x
# declares x as binary integer
typeset -i8 y
# declares y as octal integer
typeset -i16 z
# guess what ?
lettre="Q" ; mot="elephant"
phrase="Hello, word"
print "n=$ lettre=$ mot=$ phrase=$phrase"
typeset -r nom="JMB"
# string constant
one dimensional arrays of integers or strings
automatically dimensionned to 1024
animal[0]="dog" ; animal[1]="horse" ; animal[3]="donkey"
set -A flower tulip gardenia " " rose
print ${animal[*]}
print ${flower[@]}
print "cell#1 content : ${flower[1]}
Pattern matching
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| Wild card
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
| any single char
| [char1char2... charN]
| any single char from the specified list
| [!char1char2... charN] | any single char other than one from the
| specified list
| [char1-charN]
| any char between char1 and charN inclusive
| [!char1-charN]
| any char other than between char1 and charN
| inclusive
| any char or any group of char (including none) |
| ?(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| zero or one of the specified patterns
| @(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| exactly one of the specified patterns
| *(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| zero, one or more of the specified patterns
| +(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| one or more of the specified patterns
| !(pat1|pat2...|patN)
| any pattern except one of the specif. patterns |
+------------------------+------------------------------------------------+
Tilde Expansion :
your home directory (ls ~)
home directory of another user
absolute pathname of the working directory
previous directory (cd ~-) ( or cd -)
Control characters
& ctrl_c> Cancel the currently running process (foreground)
& ctrl_z> Suspend the currently running process
then : > bg
: to send it in background
: continue in foreground
> kill -option
: sends signals (such as TERMINATE)
> kill -9 pid
: to kill a background job
: to find out all the signals
supported by your system.
& ctrl_d> End of file character
to see what are the KILL & &EOF> characters
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| environmental characteristic
| child inherit this ?
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| parent's access rights to files, directories
| the files that parent has opened
| parent's ressource limits (type ulimit)
| parent's response to signal
| aliases defined by parent
| NO (expect opt -x)
| functions defined by parent
| if exported (*)
| variables defined by parent
| if exported (*)
| KornShell variables (except IFS)
| if exported (*)
| KornShell variable IFS
| if NOT exported
| parent's option settings (type set -o)
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
(*) Not needed if a 'set -o allexport' statement has told the KornShell to
export all these variables and functions
To export a variable :
$ export LPDEST=pshpa
$ echo $LPDEST
---> pshpa
$ echo LPDEST
---> LPDEST
Dot Scripts : a script that runs in the parent's environment, so it is not a
child of the caller. A dot script inherits ALL of the caller's environment.
To invoke a dot script, just preface the name of the script with a dot and a
$ ficus.ksh
# invoke this script as a regular script.
$ . ficus.fsh
# invoke the same script as a dot script.
Aliases : An alias is a nickname for a KornShell statement or script, a user
program or a command. Example:
$ alias del='rm -i'
# whenever you type 'del', it's replace by 'rm -i'
# to see a list of all aliases
$ unalias del
# remove an alias
It is recommanded (but not mandatory) to write the local variable names in
lower case letters and those of global variables in upper case letters.
Sequence of KornShell start-up scripts : The KornShell supports 3 start-up
scripts. The first 2 they are executed when you log in. A
third one runs whenever you create a KornShell or run a KornShell script.
- /etc/profile
- $HOME/.profile
Use this file to :
- set & export values of variables
- set options such as ignoreeof that you want to apply to your
login shell only
- specify a script to execute when yu log out
set -o allexport
# export all variables
PATH=.:/bin:/usr/bin:$HOME/bin
# define command search path
CDPATH=.:$HOME:$HOME/games
# define search path for cd
FPATH=$HOME/mathlib:/usr/funcs
# define path for autoload
PS1='! $PWD> '
# define primary prompt
PS2='Line continues here> '
# define secondary prompt
HISTSIZE=100
# define size of history file
ENV=$HOME/.kshrc
# pathname of environment script
# KornShell won't be timed out
# make vi the comm. line editor
set +o allexport
# turn off allexport feature
- script whose name is hold in the KornShell variable ENV
Use this file to :
- define aliases & functions that apply for interactive use only
- set default options that you want to apply to all ksh invocations
- set variables that you want to apply to the current ksh invoc.
# The information in this region will be accessible to the KornShell
# command line and scripts.
alias -x disk='du'
# -x makes alias accessible to scripts
case $- in
# Here you are NOT in a script
alias copy='cp';;
KornShell Reserved variables :
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
| Variable
| What this variable holds
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
| directories that cd searches
| terminal width
| pathname of command line editor
| pathname of startup script
| error number of most recently
| failed system call
| pathname of history file editor
| path of autoload functions
| HISTFILE
| pathname of history file
| $HOME/.sh_history | U,SA |
| HISTFILE
| nb of command in history file
| login directory
| set of token delimiters
| white space
| current line number within
| script or function
| terminal height
| user name
| patname of master mail file
| MAILCHECK | mail checking frequency
| 600 seconds
| MAILPATH
| pathnames of master mail files
| previous current directory
| name of argument to a switch
| option's ordinal position on
| command line
| command search directories
| /bin:/usr/bin
| PID of parent
| command line prompt
| prompt for commands that
| extends more than 1 line
| prompt of 'select' statements
| debug mode prompt
| current directory
| random integer
| input repository
| nb of seconds since KornShell
| was invoked
| executed shell (sh, csh, ksh)
| type of terminal you're using
| turn off (timeout) an unused
| 0 (unlimited)
| KornShell
| command line editor
| PID of current process
| PID of the background process
| last command exit status
| miscellaneous data
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
| Variable
| What this variable holds
+-----------+-----------------------------------+-------------------+------+
: User sets this variable
SA : system administrator
KSH: KornShell
To get a list of exported objetcts available to the current environment :
$ typeset -x
# list of exported variables
$ typeset -fx
# list of exported functions
To get a list of environment variables :
> man command
Ex: > man man
> man -k keyword
list of commands related to this keyword
> apropos keyword
locates commands by keyword lookup
> whatis command
brief command description
Directory listing
> ls [opt]
-a list hidden files
-d list the name of the current directory
-F show directories with a trailing '/'
executable files with a trailing '*'
-g show group ownership of file in long listing
-i print the inode number of each file
-l long listing giving details about files and directories
-R list all subdirectories encountered
-t sort by time modified instead of name
Creating / Deleting a directory
> mkdir dir_name
> rmdir dir_name (directory must be empty)
Changing directory
> cd pathname
> cd ~tristram
# return to the previous working directory
# display the path name of the working directory
Comparing files
text files comparison
> sdiff f1
idem in 2 columns
directory comparison
for binary files
determine file type
compare lines common to 2 sorted files
Access to files
display access permission
> chmod 754 file
change access (rwx r-x r--)
> chmod u+x file1
gives yourself permition to execute file1
> chmod g+re file2
gives read and execute permissions for group members
> chmod a+r *.pub
gives read permition to everyone
> umask 002
(default permissions : inverse) removes write permission
for other in this example
> groups username
to find out which group 'username' belongs to
list the group ownwership of the files
> chgrp group_name file/directory_name
change the group ownwership
copying files and directories
> cp [-opt] source destination
> cp source path_to_destination
copy a file into another
> cp *.txt dir_name
copy a file to another directory
> cp -r dir1 dir2
copy several files into a directory
> cat fil1 fil2 > fil3
concatenates fil1 and fil2, and places
the result in fil3
deleting files & directory
> rm [opt] filename
> rm -r dir_name
> rmdir dirname
moving files & directories
> mv [opt] file1 file2
> mv [opt] dir1 dir2
> mv [opt] file dir
Visualizing files
> cat file1 file2 ...
print all files on stdout
> more file
print 'file' on stdout, pausing at each end of page
idem, with more options
octal dump for a binary file
> tail file
list the end of a file (last lines)
> tail -n file
idem for the last n lines
> tail -f file
idem, but read repeatedly in case the file grows
> tail +n file
read the fisrt n lines of 'file'
give first few lines
linking files & directories
> ln [-opt] source linkname
The 2 names (source & linkname) address the same
file or directory
> ln part1.txt ../helpdata/sect1 /public/helpdoc/part1
This links part1.txt to ../helpdata/sect1 and
/public/helpdoc/part1.
> ln -s sdir/file .
makes a symbolic link between 'file' in the
subdirectory 'sdir' to the filename 'file' in
the current directory
> ln ~sandra/prog.c .
To make a link to a file in another user's home
> ln -s directory_name(s) directory_name
To link one or more directories to another dir.
> ln -s $HOME/accounts/may .
To link a directory into your current directory
Examples :
> ln -s /net/cdfap2/user/jmb
> ln -s ~frenkiel/cdf/man/manuel
Compiling & Linking
Use "man xxx" to have a precise description of the following commands :
C compiler
Fortran compiler
archive & library maintainer
link editor
symbolic debugger
Examples :
> cc hello.c
executable : a.out
> f77 hello.f
> cc main.c func1.c func2.c
sevaral files
> cc hello.c -o hello
redefine the executable name
> cc -c func1.c
compilation only, then :
> cc main.c func1.o -o prog
Job control
> nohup command
run a command immune to hangups, logouts,
> at, batch
execute commands at a later time (see 'man at')
> jobs [-lp] [job_name]
Display informations about jobs
Display signal numbers ans names
> kill [-signal] job...
Send a signal to the specified jobs
> wait [job...]
Wait for the specified jobs to terminate
(or for all child processes if no argument)
List executing processes
miscellaneous
> who [am i]
lists names of users currently logged in
idem for all machines on the local network
idem + what they are doing
your userid
names of the groups you belong to
> hostname
name of the host currently connected
names of users, locally or remotly logged in
> finger name
information about this user
> finger name@cdfhp3
electronic mail
searching strings in files
sleep for a given amount of time (shell scripts)
sort items in a file
change the modification time of a file
compress all files in a directory (and its
subdirectories) into one file
tells you where a command is located (or what it is an
alias for)
> find pathname -name "name" -print
seach recursively from pathename for "name". "name" can
contain wild chars.
> findw string
search recursively for filenames containing 'string'
> file fich
tries to guess the type of 'fich' (wild chars allowed)
changing Pass Word
> sh -x command
Debugging a shell script
> echo $SHELL
Finding out which shell you are using
Bourne shell
Korn shell
Bourne Again SHell
gives a list of available disk space
gives disk space used by the current directory and all
its subdirectories
> time command
execute 'command' and then, gives the elapse time
gives the status of all machines on the local network
> telnet host
for remote login
> rlogin host
idem for machines running UNIX
set terminal I/O options
(without args or with -a, list current settings)
> tty, pty
get the name of the terminal
> write user_name
send a message (end by & ctrl_d --> to a logged user
enable message reception
disable message recpt.
status of mes. recept.
idem write, but for all logged users.
display date and time on standard output
set or display system ressource limits
> whence command
find pathname corresponding to 'command'
> whence -v name
gives the type of 'name' (built-in, alias, files ...)
> tee [-a] file
reads standard input, writes to standard output and
file. Appends to 'file' if option -a
Counts lines, words and chars in 'file'
for other commands, looks in appendix or in directories such as :
/usr/local/bin
History & Command line editing
> history 166 168
# list commands 166 through 168
> history -r 166 168
# idem in reverse order
> history -2
# list previous 2 commands
> history set
# list commands from most recent set command
# repeat last command
# repeat most recent command starting with cc
> r foo=bar cc
# idem, changing 'foo' to 'bar'
# repeat command 215
> r math.c=cond.c 214
# repeat command 214, but substitute cond.c
# for math.c
You can edit the command line with the 'vi' or 'emacs' editor :
Put the following line inside a KornShell login script :
FCEDIT= export FCEDIT
$ set -o emacs
> fc [-e editor] [-nlr] [first [last]]
* display (-l) commands from history file
* Edit and re-execute previous commands (FCEDIT if no -e).
'last' and 'first' can be numbers or strings
# edit a copy of last command
# edit, then re-execute command number 271
$ fc 270 272
# group command 270, 271 & 272, edit, re-execute
absolute debugger
simple text formatter
create and administer SCCS files
maintain portable archives and libraries
interpret ASA carriage control characters
translate assembly language
execute commands at a later time
time an assembly language instruction sequence
translate assembly language
pattern - directed scanning and processing language
make posters in large letters
basename, dirname
extract portions of path names
arbitrary - precision arithmetic language
BDF to SNF font compiler for X11
big file scanner
change mode of a BIF file
bifchown, bifchgrp
change file owner or group
copy to or from BIF files
find files in a BIF system
list contents of BIF directories
make a BIF directory
bifrm, bifrmdir
remove BIF files or directories
bitmap, bmtoa
bitmap editor and converter utilities
a compiler/interpreter for modest - sized programs
print calendar
reminder service
concatenate, copy, and print files
C program beautifier, formatter
C compiler
change working directory
cdb, fdb, pdb
C, C++, FORTRAN, Pascal symbolic debugger
change the delta commentary of an SCCS delta
generate C flow graph
add, modify, delete, copy, or summarize access con
change program's internal attributes
check nroff/troff files
change finger entry
change file mode
chown, chgrp
change file owner or group
change default login shell
check in RCS revisions
clear terminal screen
compare two files
display information about specified cluster nodes
check out RCS revisions
filter reverse line - feeds and backspaces
combine SCCS deltas
select or reject lines common to two sorted files
compact, uncompact
compact and uncompact files
copy files and directory subtrees
copy file archives in and out
the C language preprocessor
user crontab file
encode/decode files
a shell (command interpreter) with C - like syntax
context split
spawn getty to a remote terminal (call terminal)
create a tags file
call another (UNIX) terminal emulator
cut out (extract) selected fields of each line of a
generate C program cross - reference
print or set the date and time
calendar and reminder program for X11
datebook monthly calendar formatter for postscript
datebook weekly calendar formatter for postscript
desk calculator
convert, reblock, translate, and copy a (tape) file
make a delta (change) to an SCCS file
remove nroff, tbl, and neqn constructs
differential file and directory comparator
3 - way differential file comparison
mark differences between files
directory comparison
domainname
set or display name of Network Information Ser -
dos2ux, ux2dos
convert ASCII file format
change attributes of a DOS file
copy to or from DOS files
report number of free disk clusters
dosls, dosll
list contents of DOS directories
make a DOS directory
dosrm, dosrmdir
remove DOS files or directories
summarize disk usage
echo (print) arguments
text editor
process mail through screen - oriented interface
create and verify elm user and system aliases
enable, disable
enable/disable LP printers
set environment for command execution
Datebook weekly calendar formatter for laserjet
extended line - oriented text editor
expand, unexpand
expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa
evaluate arguments as an expression
expreserve
preserve editor buffer
factor, primes
factor a number, generate large primes
determine file type
find files
findmsg, dumpmsg
create message catalog file for modification
find strings for inclusion in message catalogs
user information lookup program
fix manual pages for faster viewing with
fold long lines for finite width output device
convert file data order
who is my mail from?
faster tape I/O
file transfer program
generate a formatted message catalog file
get a version of an SCCS file
list access rights to
get system configuration values
getcontext
display current context
parse command options
getprivgrp
get special attributes for group
display call graph profile data
grep, egrep, fgrep
search a file for a pattern
show group memberships
terminate the window helper facility
ask for help
set or print name of current host system
handle special functions of HP2640 and HP2621 - series
X window system Hewlett - Packard terminal emulator.
find hyphenated words
code set conversion
print user and group IDs and names
identify files in RCS
input editor and command history for interactive progs
display TIFF file images on an X11 display
introduction to command utilities and application
report I/O statistics
remove a message queue, semaphore set or shared
report inter - process communication facilities status
relational database operator
kermit file transfer
context - sensitive softkey shell
terminate a process
shell, the standard/restricted command program
show last commands executed in reverse order
link editor
remind you when you have to leave
generate programs for lexical analysis of text
copy to or from LIF files
write LIF volume header on file
list contents of a LIF directory
rename LIF files
remove a LIF file
read one line from user input
a C program checker/verifier
link files and directories
reserve a terminal
make entries in the system log
get login name
find ordering relation for an object library
lp, cancel, lpalt
send/cancel/alter requests to an LP line
print LP status information
ls, l, ll, lsf, lsr, lsxlist contents of directories
list access control lists (ACLs) of files
macro processor
mail, rmail
send mail to users or read mail
summarize mail folders by subject and sender
print mail traffic statistics
interactive message processing system
maintain, update, and regenerate groups of programs
generate encryption key
find manual inf print out a
initialize disk or cartridge tape media
three - way file merge
permit or deny messages to terminal
make a directory
make FIFO (named pipe) special files
create fonts.dir file from directory of font
make a makefile
extract error messages from C source into a file
make a name for a temporary file
print documents formatted with the mm macros
more, page
file perusal filter for crt viewing
magnetic tape manipulating program
move or rename files and directories
The Motif Window Manager.
format mathematical text for nroff
show network status
change or reformat a text file
log in to a new group
notify users of new mail in mailboxes
print news items
run a command at low priority
line numbering filter
justify lines, left or right, for printing
display native language support information
print name list of common object file
print name list of common object file.
print name list of object file
assign a network node name or determine current
run a command immune to hangups, logouts, and quits
format text
query name servers interactively
octal and hexadecimal dump
execute command on remote host with environment similar
pack, pcat, unpack
compress and expand files
Personal Applications Manager, a visual shell
change login password
merge same lines of several files or subsequent
electronic address router
portable archive exchange
translate a Starbase bitmap file into PCL raster
file perusal filter for soft - copy terminals
point-to - point serial networking
give status of each invocation of
print files
print system - wide sendmail aliases
preallocate disk storage
print out the environment
format and print arguments
print out mail in the incoming mailbox file
display profile data
ANSI C function prototype generator
print and summarize an SCCS file
report process status
permuted index
working directory name
pwget, grget
get password and group information
display disk usage and limits
remote file copy
change RCS file attributes
compareRCS revisions
merge RCS revisions
read mail from specified mailbox
execute from a remote shell
reset shell parameters to reflect the current size
reverse lines of a file
X Window System color database creator.
print log messages and other information on RCS files
remote login
remove files or directories
remove a delta from an SCCS file
remove directories
remove extra new - line characters from file
an RPC protocol compiler
execute process with real - time priority
show host status of local machines (RPC version)
show status of local machines
determine who is logged in on machines on local
show who is logged in on local machines
print current SCCS file editing activity
system activity reporter
translate Starbase bitmap to xwd bitmap format
translate a Starbase HPSBV archive to Personal
compare two versions of an SCCS file
capture the screen raster information and
make typescript of terminal session
change mode of an SDF file
sdfchown, sdfchgrp
change owner or group of an SDF file
sdfcp, sdfln, sdfmv copy, link, or move files to/from an
find files in an SDF system
sdfls, sdfll
list contents of SDF directories
make an SDF directory
sdfrm, sdfrmdir
remove SDF files or directories
side-by - side difference program
stream text editor
shell partially based on preliminary POSIX draft
shell, the standard/restricted command programming
make a shell archive package
shell layer manager
show the actual path name matched for a CDF
print section sizes of object files
suspend execution for an interval
set printing options for a non - serial printer
eliminate .so's from nroff input
SoftBench Software Development Environment
sort and/or merge files
spell, hashmake
spelling errors
split a file into pieces
remove multiple line - feeds from output
Utility to convert scalable type symbol set map
server access control program for X
Utility to load Scalable Type outlines
Utility to build Scalable Type ``.dir'' and
Scalable Typeface font compiler to create X and
find the printable strings in an object or other
strip symbol and line number information from an
set the options for a terminal port
become super - user or another user
print checksum and block or byte count of
set tabs on a terminal
tape file archiver
format tables for nroff
Command Set 80 CS/80 Cartridge Tape Utility
pipe fitting
user interface to the TELNET protocol
condition evaluation command
trivial file transfer program
time a command
report process data and system
update access, modification, and/or change times of
query terminfo database
translate characters
true, false
return zero or one exit status respectively
tset, reset
terminal - dependent initialization
topological sort
terminal identification program
do underlining
set file - creation mode mask
XMODEM - protocol file transfer program
print name of current HP - UX version
undo a previous get of an SCCS file
remove preprocessor lines
report repeated lines in a file
conversion program
show how long system has been up
compact list of users who are on the system
uucp, uulog, uuname UNIX system to UNIX system copy
uuencode, uudecode
encode/decode a binary file for
uupath, mkuupath
access and manage the pathalias database
uucp status inquiry and job control
uuto, uupick
public UNIX system to UNIX system file copy
UNIX system to UNIX system command execution
return ``I am not here'' indication
validate SCCS file
version control
screen - oriented (visual) display editor
make unprintable characters in a file visible or
report virtual memory statistics
log in on another system over lan
await completion of process
word, line, and character count
get SCCS identification information
locate a program file including aliases and paths
who is on the system
print effective current user id
interactively write (talk) to another user
start the X11 window system
construct argument
display calendar in an X11 window
analog / digital clock for X
C, FORTRAN, Pascal, and C++ Symbolic Debugger
display a message in an X11 Motif dialog window
font displayer for X
server access control program for X
Hewlett - Packard type calculator emulator
X Window System initializer
xinitcolormap
initialize the X colormap
an X11 based real - time system resource observation
load average display for X
server font list displayer for X
utility for modifying keymaps in X
print an X window dump
X server resource database utility
refresh all or part of an X screen
opens a transparent window into the image planes
user preference utility for X
root window parameter setting utility for X
extract strings from C programs to implement shared
xtbdftosnf
BDF to SNF font compiler (HP 700/RX)
terminal emulator for X
server access control program for X
xtmkfontdir
create a fonts.dir file for a directory of
print contents of an SNF file (HP 700/RX)
xtsnftosnf
convert SNF file from one format to another (HP
create a new X window
dump an image of an X window
translate xwd bitmap to Starbase bitmap format
destroy one or more existing windows
window information utility for X
image displayer for X
yet another compiler - compiler
be repetitively affirmative
print all values in Network Information Service map
print values of selected keys in Network Information
change login password in Network Information System
list which host is Network Information System
accept, reject
allow/prevent LP requests
command summary from per - process accounting
search and print process accounting
acctcon1, acctcon2
time accounting
acctdisk, acctdusg
overview of account
merge or add total accounting files
acctprc1, acctprc2
process accounting
address resolution display and control
change or display event or system call audit
display the audit information as requested by the
audit overflow monitor daemon
start or halt the auditing system and set or
select users to audit
automatically mount NFS file systems
backup or archive file system
report number of free disk blocks (Berkeley version)
report number of free disk blocks
Bell file system consistency check and interactive
Bell file system debugger
construct a Bell file system
bootstrap process
Internet Boot Protocol server
bootpquery
send BOOTREQUEST to BOOTP server
brc, bcheckrc, rc
system initializa
generate and display locale.def file
convert a termcap description into a terminfo
create the cat files for the manual
HP Cluster configuration file checker
change root directory for a command
clear inode
clear x25 switched virtual circuit
allocate resources for clustered operation
configure an HP - UX system
convert a file system to allow long file names
install object files in binary directories
clock daemon
create cluster server processes
device name
report number of free disk blocks
describe characteristics of a disk device
calculate default disk section sizes
generate disk accounting data by user ID
collect system diagnostic messages to form error log
Data Replication Manager administrative tool
dump, rdump
incremental file system dump, local or across
dump file system information
edit user disk quotas
eisa config
EISA configuration tool
system physical environment daemon
selectively backup files
remote user information server
selectively recover files
freeze sendmail configuration file on a cluster
file system consistency check and interactive repair
determine shutdown status of specified file system
file system debugger
install random inode generation numbers
DARPA Internet File Transfer Protocol server
fuser, cfuser
list process IDs of all processes that have
fwtmp, wtmpfix
manipulate connect accounting records
gateway routing daemon
set terminal type, modes, speed, and line discip.
get x25 line
Global Location Broker Daemon
graphics resource manager daemon
graphics window daemon
hosts to named
Translate host table to name server file
configure network interface parameters
Internet services daemon
init, telinit
process control initialization
install special files
install commands
maintain network install message and default
introduction to system maintenance commands and
initialize I/O system
scan I/O system
initial system loader
kill all active processes
configure network interface parameters
display LAN device configuration and status
last, lastb
indicate last logins of users and ttys
Location Broker administrative tool
test the Location Broker
link, unlink
exercise link and unlink system calls
Local Location Broker daemon
network lock daemon
configure the LP spooling system
print LP spooler performance analysis information
lpsched, lpshut
start/stop the LP request
Display and edit the license server database
Report on license server events
Display the status of the license server system
ls targetid
Prints information about the local NetLS tar
Verify that Network License Servers are working
list device drivers in the system
list a special file
create context - dependent files
make a Network Information System database
mkboot, rmboot
install, update, or remove boot programs
make device files
construct a file system
mklost+found
make a lost+found directory
configure the LP spooler subsystem
create special files
create a Product Description File from a prototype
construct a recovery system
make a special file
mount, umount
mount and unmount file system
NFS mount request server
move a directory
Internet domain name server
generate path names from inode numbers
network file distribution (update) server daemon
format tracing and logging binary files.
Starts the license server
control network tracing and logging
configure network tracing and logging command
generate network tracing and logging commands
construct a new file system
nfsd, biod
NFS daemons
Network File System statistics
Non - Replicatable Global Location Broker daemon
execute HALGOL programs
PC - NFS daemon
Basic Serial and HP AdvanceLink server
processor - dependent code (firmware)
compare Product Description File to File System
compare two Product Description Files
test the NCS RPC runtime library
send ICMP ECHO REQUEST packets to network hosts
DARPA port to RPC program number mapper
manipulates the NS Probe proxy table
pwck, grpck
password/group file checkers
summarize file system ownership
quotacheck
file system quota consistency checker
quotaon, quotaoff
turn file system quotas on and off
remote boot server
remove requests from a remote line printer spool
reboot the system
check and recover damaged or missing shared
regenerate (uxgen) an updated HP - UX system
remote shell server
summarize quotas for a file system
restore, rrestore
restore file system incrementally, local
check internal revision numbers of HP - UX files
RPC - based remote execution server
remote execution server
query RIP gateways
remote loopback diagnostic
remote loopback diagnostic server
remote login server
send LP line printer request to a remote system
remote spooling line printer daemon, message
print status of LP spooler requests on a remote
remove HP - UX functionality (partitions and filesets)
remove a special file
remote magnetic - tape protocol module
manually manipulate the routing tables
report RPC information
remote quota server
kernel statistics server
run daily accounting
network username server
write to all users over a network
network rwall server
system status server
sa1, sa2, sadc
system activity report package
system administration manager
save a core dump of the operating system
report number of free SDF disk blocks
SDF file system consistency check, interactive
examine/modify an SDF file system
create and administer Software Disk Striping
send mail over the internet
establish mount table /etc/mnttab
setprivgrp
set special attributes for group
show all remote mounts
terminate all processing
send signals to the domain name server
daemon that responds to SNMP requests
spray packets
spray server
network status monitor
translate hexadecimal status code value to textual
subnetconfig
configure subnet behavior
system swap space information
enable additional device or file system for paging
synchronize file systems
periodically sync for file system integrity
online diagnostic system interface
log systems messages
remove optional HP - UX products (filesets)
TELNET protocol server
trivial file transfer protocol server
terminfo compiler
tune up an existing file system
terminfo de - compiler
update, updist
update or install HP - UX files (software
check the uucp directories and permissions file
transfer files for the uucp system
uucp spool directory clean - up
uucp spool directory clean - up
set terminal type, modes, speed and line discip.
UUID generating program
list spooled uucp transactions grouped by transaction
schedule uucp transport files
show snapshot of the UUCP system
sort and embellish uusnap output
monitor uucp network
execute remote uucp or uux command requests
generate an HP - UX system
vhe altlog
login when Virtual Home Environment (VHE) home
vhe mounter
start the Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
perform Network File System (NFS) mount to
edit the password file
respond to vt requests
wall, cwall
write to all users
which users are doing what
X Display Manager
X terminal pty daemon program
build and install Network Information Service data
create or rebuild Network Information Service data
daemon for modifying Network Information Service
query NIS server for information about NIS map
force propagation of Network Information Service
ypserv, ypbind
Network Information Service server and
bind to particular Network Information Service