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《易经》破解诸葛亮“借东风”之谜
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内容提要：三国演义》赤壁之战中诸葛亮借东风火烧曹军战船,孙刘联军以弱胜强，大败曹军，三国鼎立由此确立。易经》博大精深,其军事应用更是奥妙莫测，笔者实难窥其径，这里只是抛砖引玉，以待来者。
诸葛亮如何算出东风会来？（资料图 图源网络）
　　《三国演义》赤壁之战中诸葛亮借东风火烧曹军战船，孙刘联军以弱胜强，大败曹军，三国鼎立由此确立。诸葛亮借东风这个故事已经家喻户晓，人们在茶余饭后常常津津乐道。但只要冷静细想，人们不禁要问，诸葛亮真能借东风吗？如果不是，那么这里面到底有何玄机呢？
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京ICP备号-1个人觉得，作者把诸葛亮的神机妙算写得太过神化了。至于孔明借东风，在长江中下游地区，严冬季节虽然以西北风为主，但是一般都会有几天刮东南风，这属于正常的气候变化，只是刮东风的具体日子难以预期。也许诸葛亮读的书多，计算出了起风的具体日子也说不定。
然后，孔明算准曹操兵败会经过华容道，而且算准关公会放过他，这有点神化他了。似乎把他写成了先知般的人物，然而讽刺的是，既然他能知道这些，为何要与天抗争，阻碍曹氏一统天下呢？----以上纯属个人观点
《三国演义》节选 第四十九回
孔明借东风
发布： 11:28:02
第四十九回& 孔明借东风
孔明曰："连日不晤君颜，何期贵体不安！"瑜曰："人有旦夕祸福，岂能自保？"孔明笑曰："天有不测风云，人又岂能料乎？"瑜闻失色，乃作呻吟之声。孔明曰："都督心中似觉烦积否？"瑜曰："然，"孔明曰："必须用凉药以解之。"瑜曰："已服凉药，全然无效。"孔明曰："须先理其气；气若顺，则呼吸之间，自然痊可。"
“We haven’t seen each other for quite some time,” Kongming began. “But I never thought that you fell ill, sir.” “Fortune is fickle. Who can tell beforehand?” Zhou Yu replied. “And weather is fickle too,” Kongming said, smiling. “You never know.” At these words Zhou Yu lost his countenance and groaned. “Commander,” Kongming continued, “do you seem to feel anxiety inside you?” Zhou Yu admitted. “You need take a cooling tonic to get rid of it,” Kongming advised. “I have,” was Zhou Yu’s reply, “it is useless.” “You must first get your Qi in order,” Kongming explained. “When the Qi is flowing in the proper direction, then your good health will naturally be restored in no time.”
瑜料孔明必知其意，乃以言挑之曰："欲得顺气，当服何药？"孔明笑曰："亮有一方，便教都督气顺。"瑜曰："愿先生赐教。"孔明索纸笔，屏退左右，密书十六字曰："欲破曹公，宜用火攻；万事俱备，只欠东风。"写毕，递与周瑜曰："此都督病源也。"
Zhou Yu, seeing that Kongming must know what troubled him, sounded Kongming out, “What medicine would you recommend to get my Qi flowing in the proper direction?” “I have a prescription to fix this,” said Kongming, smiling still. “I shall benefit from your advice,” said Zhou Yu. Kongming called for writing brush and paper and, waving away the attendants, wrote 16 words for Zhou Yu’s eyes alone: To break Cao’s forces, fire is the choice. Everything has been arranged, except the west wind! Kongming handed the note to Zhou Yu, saying, “This is the source of your ailment.”
瑜见了大惊，暗思："孔明真神人也！早已知我心事！只索以实情告之。"乃笑曰："先生已知我病源，将用何药治之？事在危急，望即赐教。"孔明曰："亮虽不才，曾遇异人，传授奇门遁甲天书，可以呼风唤雨。都督若要东南风时，可于南屏山建一台，名曰七星坛：高九尺，作三层，用一百二十人，手执旗幡围绕。亮于台上作法，借三日三夜东南大风，助都督用兵，何如？"
Zhou Yu was astounded and thought, “Truly beyond all belief. He saw through my problem promptly. I may as well tell him the truth.” And so with a forced smile he said, “Master, since you already know the cause of my illness, what medicine shall I use to cure it? Time is of the essence in this crisis, I implore your instant solution.” Kongming answered, “Though I myself have no talent, I once came upon an extraordinary man who passed down me mysterious texts, from which, I learned how to control the forces of nature. If the chief commander wants a southeast wind, establish a platform, Altar of the Seven Stars, on the Southern Screen Hills. It should be 9ci high, 3-tiered, surrounded by120flag bearers. On the platform I will perform certain magics to borrow3days and3nights of southeast wind to assist you in your operations. What do you say?”
是日，看看近夜，天色清明，微风不动。瑜谓鲁肃曰："孔明之言谬矣。隆冬之时，怎得东南风乎？"肃曰："吾料孔明必不谬谈。"将近三更时分，忽听风声响，旗幡转动。瑜出帐看时，旗脚竟飘西北。霎时间东南风大起。
That day everyone stared the sky as evening drew on, but the heavens maintained clear and no sign of strong wind was shown. Zhou Yu turned to Lu Su and said, “How absurd are Kongming’s claims! There can be no east wind in the dead of winter.” “I don’t think Kongming would make absurd claims,” replied Lu Su. Toward the 3rd watch they heard, as if from nowhere, the sound of wind. The banners and jacks began to flaunt, and when Zhou Yu came out to look, the edges of the flags were actually fluttering to the northwest. Within moments a southeast gale broke out strongly.
时云长在侧，孔明全然不睬。云长忍耐不住，乃高声曰："关某自随兄长征战，许多年来，未尝落后。今日逢大敌，军师却不委用，此是何意？"孔明笑曰："云长勿怪！某本欲烦足下把一个最紧要的隘口，怎奈有些违碍，不敢教去。"云长曰："有何违碍？愿即见谕。"
All the while, Lord Guan had been waiting at the side, but Kongming totally ignored him. Unable to restrain himself any furture, Lord Guan complained loudly, “I, Guan, have followed the elder brother through long years of war, and always took a vital task in each campaign. Today we meet a large-scale enemy, but the director has given me no assignment. I don’t understand it at all.” Kongming smiled. “Do not take offense, Yunchang,” he said. “My intention was to trouble you to hold an absolutely crucial pass, but--forgive me--something bothers me and I can’t make up my mind.” “What bothers you?” Lord Guan replied. “I want to know here and now.”
孔明曰："昔日曹操待足下甚厚，足下当有以报之。今日操兵败，必走华容道；若令足下去时，必然放他过去。因此不敢教去。"云长曰："军师好心多！当日曹操果是重待某，某已斩颜良，诛文丑，解白马之围，报过他了。今日撞见，岂肯放过！"孔明曰："倘若放了时，却如何？"云长曰："愿依军法！"孔明曰："如此，立下文书。"
“Once,” Kongming went on, “Cao Caotreated you most generously, and you are seeking for a way to repay him. When his host is defeated, Cao will take the road to Huarong. If I ordered you there, I was certain, you would let him pass. That is what disturbs me” “Paranoid!” Lord Guan responded. “True,Cao Caotreated me well. But did I not repay him when I broke the deadlock at Baima and beheaded Yuan Shao’s generals, Yan Liang and Wen Chou? Do you think I’d let him pass now?” “But if you do let him through, then what?” Kongming said, emphasizing the issue. “Let military law be applied to my offence!” said Lord Guan. “Well and good,” Kongming answered. “Now put it in writing.”
云长便与了军令状。云长曰："若曹操不从那条路上来，如何？"孔明曰："我亦与你军令状。"云长大喜。孔明曰："云长可于华容小路高山之处，堆积柴草，放起一把火烟，引曹操来。"云长曰："曹操望见烟，知有埋伏，如何肯来？"孔明笑曰："岂不闻兵法虚虚实实之论？操虽能用兵，只此可以瞒过他也。他见烟起，将谓虚张声势，必然投这条路来。将军休得容情。"云长领了将令，引关平、周仓并五百校刀手，投华容道埋伏去了。
Lord Guan signed the document, saying, “And ifCao Caodoes not take that route?” “I can guarantee you that he will, but in all fairness, I will sign a military writ, too!” Kongming answered, to Lord Guan’s complete satisfaction, and then added, “You may pile up dry brambles around the trails and hills by Huarong. Set them afire and the smoke should lure Cao Cao.” “Smoke would makeCao Caothink there’s an ambush,” Lord Guan protested. “It would keep him away.” “Have you forgotten,” Kongming responded, “the tactic of ‘letting strong points look weak and strong points look weak’? Cao may be an able strategist, but this should fool him. The smoke will make him think we are trying to create an impression of strength where we are weak and thus deceive him. And when he do come to your way, General, show no mercy.” Lord Guan accepted this assignment and taking Guan Ping, Zhou Cang, and 500 practiced sword-men, headed for Huarong Pass to set up the ambush.
玄德曰："吾弟义气深重，若曹操果然投华容道去时，只恐端的放了。"孔明曰："亮夜观乾象，操贼未合身亡。留这人情，教云长做了，亦是美事。"玄德曰："先生神算，世所罕及！"
When Lord Guan had left, Xuande said to Kongming, “My brother, Guan, is a man of personal loyalty. IfCao Caodoes take that route, I am afraid he will let him pass after all.” “Last night I surveyed the constellations,” Kongming replied. “The traitor’s fated death hasn’t come yet. I purposely put Lord Guan to do this boon to Cao, for future’s sake.” “Master,” Xuande said, “your superhuman calculations are more than any man could match.”
　　　　　　　　　　　
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