如何快速掌握一项技能门技能

本周热点 & & & &我妈独自一人把我拉扯大的...又到了小梦说梗时间了,你所关注的,你所不了解的,各种各样的新奇有意思的梗,身为百...上周末,北京卫视《跨界歌王》总决赛完美落幕,刘涛邀请歌手薛之谦参与帮唱环节,并一...魔兽迷们请关注,每天共享魔兽的精妙体验,分享玩家攻略!饥饿的库苏莫斯是世界首领级...& & 我的家在农村,父亲是个“老实人”。&&nb...如何在最短时间学会一门知识 : 经理人分享
如何在最短时间内学会一门知识?有“效率达人”之称的蒂姆菲利斯告诉我们四个关键最重要:解构、选择、排序、和下注。只要学会了这四步,无论什么,你都可以在最短时间内学会。蒂姆o菲利斯(Tim Ferriss)称自己是“真人版小白鼠”,因为无论在生活中遇到什么问题,他总是拿自己做实验,身体力行找到解决方案。而多数人一般不会怎么做,只会循规蹈矩地遵从社会所公认的“有效”办法。如果留心观察,你会发现在遇到问题时,只会嚼前人剩饭的人简直多得不计其数。他们从不质疑方法的有效性,从不质疑成功的可能性,所以从来不会真正快速解决问题。在这一点上,蒂姆绝对是出类拔萃的,因为他跳出了这个怪圈,他亲身试验、感知、挑战每种困难,并成功找到了每个问题的高效解决方法。如此一来,他不仅将自己的工作时间缩短为每周4小时(详见其畅销书),还可以在剩下的大把时间里继续尝试各种真人版实验。蒂姆不仅是畅销书作家和企业家,还是一个生活实验者。他检测、挑战各种常规设想,并向人们证明,其中多数都是愚蠢而低效的做事方式。蒂姆的所有方案都极具实践性和真实性,所以他的书和他的生意才会大获成功。一般书都是用大把理论和漫天的思维来装腔作势,蒂姆的书却是用事实数据来说话,可以直接参考着身体力行。前面的文章中,我曾专门介绍过蒂姆的第一本畅销书《每周工作4小时》(如果有朋友想要买这本书,我建议大家买最新的第二版),今天我将介绍他的另一本畅销书----《4小时变身厨师》。大家不要被书名迷惑,这本书不只是教你做厨师的。其实,学习任何技能都是想通的,仔细琢磨都会找到又快又好的方法。蒂姆为了将这里面的学问展示给大家,同时为了避免只谈方法而导致内容空洞,就选择了烹饪这一话题作为切入口。而之所以选择烹饪,是因为蒂姆本人做饭很糟糕,于是他就拿自己做实验,看看能否在极短时间内成为大厨。所以,这本书其实是教你如何快速掌握任何一项技能。根据书中的方法,蒂姆在多年内取得了很多成就,并将自己的成果整理出了3本书,全部大获成功。我们从这本书的指导原则开始:“当你发现自己属于大多数这边的时候,都该停下反思一下了”。----马克o吐温蒂姆研究了一些世界上学习能力最高效的人,发现他们学习都有一定的方法和策略。比如丹尼尔o谭米特(Daniel Tammet)曾用了7天熟练掌握冰岛语,并上了冰岛电视台。年轻记忆大师艾德o库克(Ed Cooke)亲自训练记者约书亚o弗尔(Joshua Foer),使其在5分钟内记住120个随机数字并成为美国记忆大赛的冠军得主(该故事后来被收录于《和爱因斯坦漫步月球》一书)。DSSS:教你轻松掌握任何技能无论是学语言、学跳舞、练武术还是做生意,只要是掌握一种技能都有对应的方法。蒂姆将他总结出来的方法归结为DSSS。蒂姆将自己的方法归结为DSSS:Deconstruction(解构)、Selection(选择)、Sequencing(排序)、Stakes(下注)的首字母缩写。蒂姆的DSSS方案已经得到人们的广泛应用,从迅速成功筹划众筹网站平台 Kickstarter项目到短期内掌握一门外语,形形***的任务和技能都可以通过DSSS实现。我觉得自己很有必要用DSSS来学习中文。DSSS究竟是什么?一篇文章很难讲得清楚和全面。大家如果感兴趣,可以看下面的视频介绍,或者去买书看。但我可以给大家展示一下DSSS的基本概念以其它背后的深意。Deconstruction(解构)蒂姆认为,多数技能看起来都很难,想要成功掌握,一定要学会将它拆分成细小单元。首先要问自己,掌握新技能时,自己能应对的最小单元是什么?也就是说,你要把任务拆分成自己能hold住的最小单位。蒂姆通过研究如何快速掌握不同领域的技能后才得出了这一结论,并在学习新技能的过程中努力找出对结果重要的元素。想要实现这一点,需要关注自己想要实现的结果以及如何衡量结果。从创立跨国公司到打破世界探戈锦标赛记录,蒂姆将实验贯穿生活的方方面面。图为蒂姆学习日本传统骑乘射击项目流镝马(Yabusame)Selection(选择)哪一个20%是实现80%以上成果的部分?掌握新技能时,找到最小、最关键的那一部分就是蒂姆所谓的选择。蒂姆称:“要用最少的工具,并且一定要熟练掌握这些工具。”对此,蒂姆给出了这样一个例子:澳大利亚喜剧摇滚乐队The Axis of Awesome(暂译:令人敬畏的轴心)在YouTube上创建了一首名为4 Chord Song(4和弦之歌)的视频。视频中,该乐队只用4个相同的和弦演绎了不同年代的36首流行金曲,成功告诉人们,只用4个和弦就可以成为超级巨星。所以,我们只需要挑选出那关键的20%,就可以实现想要的80%。再举个简单的例子:学习英语时,其实只需掌握最常用的2000个英语单词、一些基础的语法知识,或者再加上一些最常用的的俚语,就可以进行英语对话。找到关键的20%,学习这关键的20%,并将注意力集中在这20%上。总把希望放在未来就等于亲手埋葬了自己的梦想----蒂姆o菲利斯Sequencing(排序)应该怎样安排不同的学习单元?蒂姆花了两周的时间检测如何对那关键的20%进行合理排序。两周内,他得到了不同的排序方式,有了比较和衡量的基础。比如,如果你学习国际象棋,最好将注意力集中于结尾而非开始。这一点的关键在于找到学习各个单元的最佳顺序。为了实现这一点,蒂姆的建议是----磨刀不误砍柴工,进行简单的尝试。在找到实现最佳、最高效的学习顺序前,不断进行尝试与实验,不断改变学习顺序。蒂姆的建议是,问问自己“如果这是最糟糕的学习顺序怎么办?”,从而不断调整学习顺序。而在调整的过程中,你学习起来也会更加高效和熟练。比如,为了学好探戈,蒂姆是从女步开始练起的。Stakes(下注)如何给自己的学习下注,督促自己完成学习计划?缺乏自我承诺?试试这一网站人都有惰性,尤其是在遇到挫折时,更加容易放弃。因而我们需要自我督促,要为自己的行为下注。可以为自己设立一个截止日期,从而时刻保持亢奋状态。如果你怕自己动机不足,蒂姆建议大家使用之类的网站----在网站上将自己的承诺公之于众,如果不能兑现,既掉面子又丢钱。蒂姆认为,多数人许下新年愿望但却从未实现过,这是因为人们即使不实现也不会有什么惩罚。所以,想要快速、成功学会新技能,一定要给自己的行为下赌注。要么赢得漂亮,要么输得彻底。蒂姆引用作家Antoine de Saint-Exupery的一句话:“ 臻于完美之时,不是加无可加,而是减无可减。”一次只需关注一个目标,对太多事大包大揽终究会是大问题。定下一两个目标,然后就去实现吧,一口气永远吃不成胖子。(文/Julie Chang、John Sepencer & 来源:)
(下载iPhone或Android应用“经理人分享”,长期赞助你的生活。助你不买彩票,也能赶超王思聪,迈向人生巅峰,想养猪养猪,想养鸡养鸡……根本不必剁手。拒绝瞎BB,We can we up,装机(B)必备,不用谢。)
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爱思英语编者按:现今社会,做一名天才还不如拥有强大而快速地能力。如何快速地学到一门新技能呢,这篇文章问您支招。
17 Steps To Acquiring A New Skill Faster Than You Thought Possible
In the movie Matrix, everyone was intrigued with the ability that Neo and group possessed to learn anything in the matter of seconds. To download the ability to fly a helicopter and fight like Bruce Lee. With the incredible rise in technology today, the rapid learning in the movie is becoming much more of a reality than you realize. Our current generation being marked as the age of knowledge and in, through the internet we are able to access all sorts of knowledge to answer almost every conceivable question. Furthermore, the whole idea being a natural born genius is being questioned and replaced more with the gift of being able to learn a skill.
Here are 17 ways to kickstart your Matrix-style rapid learning.
1. Deconstruct & Reverse Engineer
Break the skill that you are desiring to learn down into little pieces and master an isolated portion. The small pieces will come together to make up the whole skill. For example, learning to play the guitar, learn how to press down a chord pattern with your fingers first without even trying to strum the chord. Once you are able to change between a couple of chord patterns, then add the strumming.
2. Pareto Principle
Identify the 20% work that will give you 80% of the s. In learning a language it does not take long to realize that there are a few very kew words that pop up over and over again. You can do a quick search for &most commonly used French words& for example and begin to learn them first before adding on the rest.
3. Make Stakes (not steaks)
Establish and implement some sort of punishment for you in not learning the skill that you are seeking. There are sites available that allow you to make a donation toward a charity you absolutely hate if you do not meet your goals. Place a bet with a friend to light that fire under your bottom.
4. Record Yourself
Seeing yourself on video is a great way to learn from your mistake and identify areas that you need to improve. This is very effective for any musicians, actors, speakers, performers, and dancers.
5. Join a Group
There are huge benefits to learning in a group. Not only are you able to learn from others but you&ll be encouraged to make progress together. Whether it is a chess club, a masind group, or an online meet-up group, get connected with other like-minded individuals.
6. Time Travel
Visit the Library. Although everything is becoming more and more online, there are still such things called libraries. Whether it is a municipal library or your university library, you will be amazed at some of the books available there that are not accessible online. Specifically search out the hidden s and wisdom contained in the really old books.
7. Be a Chameleon
Imitate your biggest idol. Watch a video and learn from seeing someone else do it. Mimic what you see. Visual learning is a great way to speed up the learning process. Youtube has thousands of videos on almost every topic available.
8. F.O.C.U.S.
Follow one course until ! It is easy to get distracted, to throw in the towel, or to become interested in the next great thing and ditch what you initially set out to do. There are a lot of conversations calling to ditch the whole idea of multitasking as it has been shown to be detrimental and a myth. Simply focus on the one new skill at hand until you get it done.
9. Visualize
The mind has great difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imagined. That is why athletes practice mentally seeing their
before attempting the real thing. Visualize yourself achieving your new skill and each step that you need to make to see s.
10. Find a Mentor
Success leaves clues. The best short cut to become an expert is to find an expert and not have to make the mistakes that they have made. Finding out what NOT to do from the expert will fast-track your learning of a new skill. It is a huge win to have them personally walk you through what needs to be done. Reach out and send an email to them.
11. Sleep On It
Practice your new skill within 4 hours of going to sleep. Josh Kaufman is a noted rapid learning expert and tells us that any practice done within this time frame causes your brain to embed the learning more rapidly into its neural pathways. Your memory and motor-mechanics needed are ingrained at a quicker level.
12. The 20 Hour Rule
Along with that tip, Kaufman also suggests 20 as the magical number of hours to dedicate to learning the new skill. His reasoning is that everyone will hit a wall early on in the rapid learning stage and that &pre-committing& to 20 hours is a sure-fire way to push through that wall and acquire your new skill.
13. Learn By Doing
It is easy to get caught up in reading and gathering in on how to do something and never actually get around to doing it. The best way to learn is to do. Regardless of how unprepared you feel, make sure you are continually physically engaged. Keep alternating between research and practice&research&practice&
14. Short Sprints
Rather than try to force yourself into enduring hours upon hours of dedication, work in short sprints of about 20-30 minutes, then get up and have a stretch or take a short walk. Your brain&s attention span works best with short breaks and so be sure to give it the little rest it needs.
15. Ditch the Distractions
Make sure the
you are in is perfect for your rapid-learning progress. That means ditching any
media, and the temptation to check any email. As the saying goes, &Out of sight, out of mind.& Before you sit down to practice, make sure whatever potential distractions are far from sight.
16. Nootropics
Otherwise known as brain enhancers. These cognitive boosters are available in natural herbal forms and in supplements. Many student will swear by the increased focus that nootropics will provide, particularly as they get set for some serious cramming. Natural herbal nootropics have been used for thousands of years in Ayurvedic traditions to improve the mind and learning.
17. Celebrate
Every single little win that you
on the learning process, be sure to . Your brain will
endorphins and serotonin as you raise your hands in victory and pump your fits. Have a piece of chocolate and give yourself a pat on the back. This will encourage you to press on toward the goal!
Most of all, have fun. Learning a new skill should be exciting and something you cannot wait to practice every day. Keep picturing the joy of reaching the end goal and being a better version of yourself as continual motivation. To love life is to continually be learning and challenging yourself.
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几周前一个朋友也打算通过跑步来甩一甩脂肪,控制一下自己那已经严重扭曲了的身材 ---- 他便求教我从衣服到鞋,从腕表到心率带,都买了什么装备,性能如何,他好照着原样来一套。我告诉他我什么装备都没买,跑了半年多了,我还是随便套上件纯棉的T恤,穿条舒服的运动短裤,蹬着跑鞋,抓着手机,就这么跑将起来。他连连说不信,一个连排汗速干的衣服,臂包,运动腕表都没配的人,怎么也能(配得上)跑步?这让我想起了我在撰写「程序人生」公众号经常会遇到的一些读者留言:「我想学rails,有没有推荐的ruby的入门书籍?」「我想学android,对java掌握到什么程度才能开始呢?」「我c/c++还没入门,能直接学python么?」这些问题都是初学者常常萦绕心头的疑虑。在我们自己的现状和想要达成的目标间,总是横亘着一条名为「先决条件」的大河,似乎除了花费巨大的精力游过这条大河外,别无他法。很不幸,大部分人还没能够接近目标,便被湍急的水流冲走了。然而,还是有少部分人似乎坐上了阿拉丁的魔毯,毫无迟滞地直达彼岸,好像学什么技术都不那么费劲。这是怎么回事?学一门新的语言,或者新的技术,与其说是一种能力,不如说是一种方法。试问什么样的人,或者说人在生命的什么阶段,学习效率最高?效果最好?***显而易见:婴儿期。我的不到两岁的女儿估计现在也就掌握了几十个名词,十多个动词,三五个形容词和介词而已,但每天从她口中蹦出来的话不下几百句。想想我们自己学了多少年英语,才能从口中完整地说出:"hello everybody, so glad to see you",初中?高中?抑或大学?想想我们单词量三千的时候能做什么程度的沟通,交流?如果你仔细观察,你会发现,婴儿的学习方法极尽实用之能。模仿,试错,练习,不管一切所谓「权威」的语法,词法,一切以用为主。还是以我女儿为例,她的表达是以短语和句子为主:「爸爸抱抱小宝」- 求安慰「小宝要喝奶奶」- 饿了「要是小宝不听话呢」- 学会了反问之后你跟她说话她时不时就将你一军「妈妈妈妈快回家,让我亲亲你吧」- 跟唱歌机学的,卖萌「goodbye so long farewell my friend」- 跟音乐课学的,卖萌说出的大部分的句子,她并不知道每个词的具体含义,但她知道这个句子的模糊的意思,而且从大人的反应中,她能知道她理解的意思是否正确,就这样,一次又一次模仿,试错,获得反馈,不断地累积自己直接能用的「知识」。这是实用主义者的学习方法:绕过障碍,直奔主题,专注那些你马上需要学的。几年前,我在开始学某样东西前,会上网搜罗几乎所有能找到的从入门到进阶再到专家的书籍,在看了一大堆各式各样的评论后,心满意足地筛选出所谓的「精品」购买回家,然后把他们垒在书桌前,仿佛这是学习之前必要的仪式。但这样的做法仅仅是成就了豆瓣和亚马逊,堆积的图书往往在我豪气万丈地看到第一本的第X章(X<=5)后便被束之高阁。后来我发现,我被所谓的「学习要先系统地打下扎实的基本功」坑了 ---- 我不断地陷入「基础知识」的泥沼,越陷越深,越学越苦,只能苦苦挣扎。这挣扎的结果,80%的情况变成了放弃。其实我大可不必去担心这些「基础知识」,把它们先放在一边,用到多少,便学多少。比如说,我要学rails,那就直接从rails开始,遇到有关ruby的语法障碍,回过头来看看ruby文档中相关的内容,扫清障碍立刻回到rails本身,而不是先从ruby啃起。要知道,rails里用到的ruby特性,可能占ruby总体语言和类库特性的20%都不到!从ruby学起,便是走了岔路。软件开发是个手艺活,它的学习不是各种可能很少用到的知识一股脑的堆积,我们没法在一切理论知识准备就绪以后再开始学习。scala的作者批评java的低效时曾经说过,java把写程序变成了做仪式,因此毫无乐趣可言。那么,当我们在桌前堆满了从入门到专家的各种书籍,是不是也把学习变成了一场盛大庄重的仪式?重要的不是堆砌了多少知识,而是学以致用。仅仅专注并直奔主题还远远不够。学习过程中你需要大量练习和获得反馈。 婴儿并没有在累计了3000个词汇之后才开口说话,而是当身体和大脑准备好后的第一天就张口说话了,并且,尽管说得错误百出,他们依然越挫越勇,屡败屡战。同样的道理,当你学习python而不使用ipython在REPL环境下尝试各种使用技巧,当你学习django而没有从搭建一个可运行的web项目开始,那学习效率肯定不高,效果也必然马马虎虎。在健身房里,就算观摩教练的动作一百遍而不是自己亲自尝试,并接受对方的纠正建议,你还是无法掌握正确的动作要领。我见过有人把书中的例子一个个敲到编辑器中,全部运行正确,然后就心满意足地认为自己「掌握」这门技术了。殊不知,这种「练习」并非有价值的练习。我们需要试错,就像婴儿学步那样,模仿,迈步,摔倒,爬起来,再迈步。犯错是学习的一部分,当你看完教程掌握了里面所述的内容后,可以自己构思某个应用或者某个使用场景,然后从头写起。你会发现很多问题,也会加深对教程的理解。自己无法回答的问题,可以寻求社区的帮助,大部分和开发有关的问题都能在stackoverflow上得到解决。这样不断地练习和获取反馈,你的开发功底会很快提升。很多非系统的知识和能力(甚至洞见)就是这样通过不断练习和试错在下意识间学到的 ---- 它们来得如此悄无声息,以至于除你之外,别人都将其视为你的一种天赋。那么,什么时候需要系统地学习呢?当你有了实战所需的技术和经验,需要宏观上对自己所学的内容做一个升华时,或者当你的实战能力遭遇到了瓶颈的时候。有句话说得好:你不需要成为一个优秀的ruby工程师才能用好rails,但如果你想成为一个优秀的rails工程师,则你必须很好地掌握ruby。遗憾地是,很多初学者的问题是:想对一门技术快速入门,却使用了系统学习的方法,还未入门,便倒在了艰苦修行的路上。
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